Shloka 20
Aśvatthāmā’s Buddhi-Doctrine and Nocturnal Incursion Resolve (अश्वत्थाम्नः बुद्धिविचारः सौप्तिकसंकल्पश्च)
अदान्तो ब्राह्मणोडसाधुर्निस्तिजा: क्षत्रियो5धम: । अदक्षो निन्द्यते वैश्य: शूद्रश्न प्रतिकूलवान्,“मन और इन्द्रियोंको वशमें न रखनेवाला ब्राह्मण अच्छा नहीं माना जाता। तेजोहीन क्षत्रिय अधम समझा जाता है, जो व्यापारमें कुशल नहीं है, उस वैश्यकी निन््दा की जाती है और अन्य वर्णोके प्रतिकूल चलनेवाले शूद्रको भी निन्दनीय माना जाता है
sañjaya uvāca |
adānto brāhmaṇo 'sādhur nistejāḥ kṣatriyo 'dhamaḥ |
adakṣo nindyate vaiśyaḥ śūdraś ca pratikūlavān ||
三阇耶说道：“婆罗门若不能制伏其心与诸根，便不被视为贤善；刹帝利若失其威勇，便被认为卑下；吠舍若无其才干，便遭讥责；首陀罗若行事违逆本分、破坏社会和合，也同样被视为可责。”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames ethical expectations as role-based duties: self-mastery is central for a brāhmaṇa, vigor and courage for a kṣatriya, competence in livelihood for a vaiśya, and cooperative, non-disruptive conduct for a śūdra. Failure in these defining virtues is presented as blameworthy.
In the Sauptika Parva, Sañjaya reports and reflects on events and their moral implications after the night-raid episode. Here he articulates a general dharma-based judgment about how each social role is evaluated when it falls short of its characteristic discipline or function.