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Shloka 54

अध्याय १ — न्यग्रोधवनोपवेशनम् तथा द्रौणिनिश्चयः

Night at the Banyan and Drauṇi’s Resolve

प्रस्थाने वा प्रवेशे वा प्रहर्तव्यं रिपोर्बलम्‌ । 'शत्रुओंकी सेना यदि बहुत थक गयी हो, तितर-बितर हो गयी हो, भोजन कर रही हो, कहीं जा रही हो अथवा किसी स्थानविशेषमें प्रवेश कर रही हो तो भी विपक्षियोंको उसपर प्रहार करना ही चाहिये ।।

prasthāne vā praveśe vā prahartavyaṃ ripor balam | nidrārtam ardharātre ca tathā naṣṭa-praṇāyakam ||

三阇耶说道:“无论敌军是在出发之际,还是在进入某处之时,都应当加以打击。同样,当他们在半夜为睡意所制,或当他们失其统帅、阵脚大乱之时,也应当进攻。”

प्रस्थानेat the time of departure / in departure
प्रस्थाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रस्थान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्रवेशेat the time of entering / in entry
प्रवेशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवेश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्रहर्तव्यम्must be struck / should be attacked
प्रहर्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हृ
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Passive sense (obligation), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
रिपोःof the enemy
रिपोः:
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बलम्army / force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निद्रार्तम्afflicted by sleep / sleep-stricken
निद्रार्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिद्रा-आर्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्धरात्रेat midnight
अर्धरात्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्धरात्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाlikewise / also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नष्टप्रणायकम्whose leader is lost / leaderless
नष्टप्रणायकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट-प्रणायक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
enemy army (ripoḥ balam)

Educational Q&A

The verse articulates a hard-edged wartime maxim: strike the enemy when they are vulnerable—during movement, entry, midnight sleep, or when leaderless. It highlights the tension between strategic expediency and the moral boundaries of righteous warfare (dharma-yuddha).

In Sauptika Parva, Sañjaya reports counsel that justifies attacking an enemy force even at moments of fatigue, confusion, or sleep—language that anticipates the nocturnal assault central to this parva’s events.