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Shloka 8

अध्याय ६४ — सभामध्ये क्रोध-निवारणम्

Restraint of wrath in the royal assembly

विदुर! “मैं ही कर्ता-धर्ता हूँ" ऐसा न समझो और हमें प्रतिदिन कड़वी बातें न कहो। मैं अपने हितके सम्बन्धमें तुमसे कोई सलाह नहीं पूछता हूँ। तुम्हारा भला हो। हम तुम्हारी कठोर बातें सहते चले जाते हैं, इसलिये हम क्षमाशीलोंको तुम अपने वचनरूपी बाणोंसे छेदो मत ।। एक: शास्ता न द्वितीयो5स्ति शास्ता गर्भ शयानं पुरुषं शास्ति शास्ता । तेनानुशिष्ट: प्रवणादिवाम्भो यथा नियुक्तोडस्मि तथा भवामि,देखो, इस जगत्‌का शासन करनेवाला एक ही है, दूसरा नहीं। वही शासक माताके गर्भमें सोये हुए शिशुपर भी शासन करता है; उसीके द्वारा मैं भी अनुशासित हूँ। अतः जैसे जल स्वाभाविक ही नीचेकी ओर जाता है, वैसे ही वह जगन्नियन्ता मुझे जिस काममें लगाता है, मैं वैसे ही उसी काममें लगता हूँ

duryodhana uvāca | vidura! “ahaṃ hi kartā-dhartā asmi” iti mā manyathāḥ, asmān prati dinaṃ kaṭukāni vacanāni mā brūḥ | ahaṃ svahita-sambandhe tvatto na kiñcid upadeśaṃ pṛcchāmi | tava bhadraṃ bhavatu | vayaṃ tava kaṭhorāṇi vacanāni sahāmahe; tasmāt kṣamāśīlān asmān vacana-rūpaiḥ bāṇaiḥ mā viddhi || ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyo ’sti; śāstā garbha-śayānaṃ puruṣaṃ śāsti śāstā | tenānuśiṣṭaḥ pravaṇād ivāmbho yathā niyukto ’smi tathā bhavāmi ||

杜尤陀那说:“毗度罗,不要以为我是一切行为唯一的作为者与承担者,也不要日复一日用苦涩之言责斥我们。我并不向你求问关于我自身利益的谋略。愿你安好。我们一直忍受你的严厉言辞;因此,不要用言语之箭刺穿我们——这些能忍能让的人。看吧:统御此世者唯有一位,并无第二。那位统御者,连卧于母胎之中的人也在其掌控之下。我亦受祂训导;所以,正如水性本向下流,我也依照宇宙主宰所指派的方式而行。”

एकःone (single)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्ताruler, chastiser, governor
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्वितीयःsecond
द्वितीयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शास्ताruler
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गर्भin the womb
गर्भ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शयानम्lying, sleeping
शयानम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशी
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्person (being)
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शास्तिrules, governs, chastises
शास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशास्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शास्ताthe ruler
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अनुशिष्टःinstructed, disciplined
अनुशिष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुशास्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवणात्from a slope/downward inclination
प्रवणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अम्भःwater
अम्भः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नियुक्तःappointed, assigned
नियुक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाso, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
भवामिI become / I act / I am
भवामि:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada

दुर्योधन उवाच

दुर्योधन (Duryodhana)
विदुर (Vidura)
शास्ता / जगन्नियन्ता (the supreme ruler/controller)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts ethical counsel with defensive pride: Duryodhana rejects Vidura’s moral advice and shifts responsibility to a single cosmic ‘Ruler,’ implying determinism. Ethically, it highlights how blaming fate can become an excuse to ignore dharma and refuse correction, and it also underscores the power of speech—words can wound like arrows.

In the Kuru court context of Sabha Parva, Vidura repeatedly admonishes Duryodhana for his harmful course. Duryodhana responds irritably, asking Vidura to stop daily rebukes, claiming he does not seek advice about his own interests, and asserting that a supreme controller governs all—including himself—so he acts as appointed, like water flowing downhill.