Shloka 15

Devanagari script

नास्ति वै जातित:ः शत्रु: पुरुषस्य विशाम्पते । येन साधारणी वृत्ति: स शत्रुर्नेतरो जन:

Transliteration

nāsti vai jātitaḥ śatruḥ puruṣasya viśāmpate | yena sādhāraṇī vṛttiḥ sa śatrur netaro janaḥ ||

Translation

杜尤陀那说：“众民之主啊，人并非因出身而有仇敌。真正成为仇敌的，是与他同业同途、共享生计与活动领域之人：同以一法谋生者必成竞争对手，因嫉妒而互为仇敌；其余的人并非如此。”

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अस्ति: is/exists
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• जातितः: from birth/caste (by birth)
• जातितः: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जाति
• Form: Feminine, Ablative, Singular

• शत्रुः: enemy
• शत्रुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुरुषस्य: of a man/person
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• येन: by/with whom; by which
• येन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• साधारणी: common/shared
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साधारण
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• वृत्तिः: livelihood/occupation
• वृत्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: he/that (person)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रुः: enemy
• शत्रुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• इतरः: other
• इतरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इतर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जनः: person/people
• जनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नर-ईश्वर: O king (lord of men)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

दुर्योधन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Enmity is not innate or determined by birth; it often arises from competition over the same livelihood or social space, where jealousy and rivalry turn peers into adversaries.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Sabha Parva context, Duryodhana is speaking in a royal setting, reflecting on the causes of hostility and rivalry—implicitly framing political and personal conflict as driven by competitive interests rather than mere lineage.