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Shloka 29

Śiśupāla-vākya: Bhīṣma-nindā and the ‘Haṃsa’ Exemplum (शिशुपालवाक्यम् — भीष्मनिन्दा, हंसदृष्टान्तः)

ऊर्ध्व॑ तिर्यगधश्चैव यावती जगतो गति: । सदेवकेषु लोकेषु भगवान्‌ केशवो मुखम्‌,सूर्य, चन्द्रमा, नक्षत्र, ग्रह, दिशा और विदिशा सब उन्हींमें स्थित हैं। जैसे वेदोंमें अनिनिहोत्रकर्म, हन्‍्दोंमें गायत्री, मनुष्योंमें राजा, नदियों (जलाशयों)-में समुद्र, नक्षत्रोंमें चन्द्रमा, तेजोमय पदार्थोंमें सूर्य, पर्वतोंमें मेरु और पक्षियोंमें गरुड श्रेष्ठ हैं, उसी प्रकार देवलोकसहित सम्पूर्ण लोकोंमें ऊपर-नीचे, दायें-बायें, जितने भी जगत्‌के आश्रय हैं, उन सबमें भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण ही श्रेष्ठ हैं

ūrdhvaṁ tiryag adhaś caiva yāvatī jagato gatiḥ | sadevakeṣu lokeṣu bhagavān keśavo mukham | sūrya-candra-nakṣatra-grahā diśaś ca vidiśaś ca sarvaṁ tasmin pratiṣṭhitam | yathā vedeṣv agnihotraṁ karmasu gāyatrī chandaḥsu manuṣyeṣu rājā nadīṣu samudraḥ nakṣatreṣu candramāḥ tejasviṣu sūryaḥ parvateṣu meruḥ pakṣiṣu garuḍaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ | tathā devaloka-sahiteṣu sarveṣu lokeṣu ūrdhva-adho-dakṣiṇa-vāma-yāvatīṣu gatiṣu sarvāśrayeṣu śrīkṛṣṇa eva śreṣṭhaḥ |

毗湿摩曰:无论世界之行趋向何方——上、横、或下——在一切界域并诸天之中,吉祥的凯沙瓦(Keśava)皆为最胜。日、月、星宿与诸行星,四方与间方——皆安立于彼。正如吠陀仪轨中阿耆尼霍特罗为尊,韵律中伽耶特丽为尊,人中以王为尊,水界以大海为尊,星宿以月为尊,光明体以日为尊,群山以须弥为尊,飞禽以迦楼罗为尊——同样,在诸世界包括神界之中,于一切方位的一切依止与归宿处,唯有室利·克里希那为至上。

ऊर्ध्वम्upwards
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व
FormAvyaya (directional adverb)
तिर्यक्sideways, across
तिर्यक्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिर्यक्
FormAvyaya (directional adverb)
अधःdownwards, below
अधः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधस्
FormAvyaya (directional adverb)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
यावतीas much as, to whatever extent
यावती:
TypeAdjective
Rootयावत्
FormFeminine, nominative singular
जगतःof the world
जगतः:
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, genitive singular
गतिःmovement, course, range
गतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, nominative singular
सदेवकेषुin (the worlds) together with the gods
सदेवकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस-देवक
FormMasculine/Neuter, locative plural
लोकेषुin the worlds
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, locative plural
भगवान्the Blessed Lord
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, nominative singular
केशवःKeshava (Krishna)
केशवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, nominative singular
मुखम्face; (as) the foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, nominative singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhagavān Keśava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
S
Sūrya (Sun)
C
Candra/Candramā (Moon)
N
Nakṣatra (constellations)
G
Graha (planets)
D
Diśa (directions)
V
Vidiśā (intermediate directions)
V
Veda
A
Agnihotra
G
Gāyatrī
R
Rājā (king)
S
Samudra (ocean)
M
Meru
G
Garuḍa
D
Devaloka (world of the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the supremacy of Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Keśava) as the ultimate support and highest principle across all realms and directions; all cosmic powers and excellences are grounded in Him, and analogies from ritual, metre, nature, and kingship illustrate how one ‘best’ stands out within each domain.

Bhīṣma is speaking in the Sabha Parva context, offering a theological praise of Kṛṣṇa. He frames Kṛṣṇa as the foremost reality in the universe and supports this claim through a series of well-known hierarchies (Agnihotra among rites, Gāyatrī among metres, Meru among mountains, Garuḍa among birds, etc.).