Shloka 3

Devanagari script

ततो<वहारं चक्रुस्ते योधा: सर्वे समनन्‍्ततः । निवार्यमाणाश्रोद्विग्नास्तावका भृशदु:खिता:,तब आपके समस्त योद्धा जो अत्यन्त दुःखी और उद्विग्न हो रहे थे, मना करनेपर सब ओरसे युद्ध बंद करके लौटने लगे

Transliteration

tato ’vahāraṃ cakrus te yodhāḥ sarve samanantataḥ | nivāryamāṇāś ca udvignās tāvakā bhṛśa-duḥkhitāḥ ||

Translation

于是你方诸将皆悲痛震惶，从四面停战而退，纵使有人阻拦劝止，也难以挽回。此景正是哀恸与惊扰压倒武人决意的一刻，在“职责”的催逼之下，战争的人间代价赫然显露。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: indeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• उपहारम्: withdrawal/cessation (of fighting), retreat
• उपहारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपहार
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• चक्रुः: did, made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: perfect, 3rd person, plural (parasmaipada)

• ते: they, those
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• समन्ततः: on all sides, all around
• समन्ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः
• Form: indeclinable (adverb)

• निवार्यमाणाः: being restrained, being prevented
• निवार्यमाणाः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: निवार्य
• Form: present passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural (from √वृ/√वार् with नि-: 'to restrain/ward off')

• उद्विग्नाः: agitated, distressed
• उद्विग्नाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद्विग्न
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural (past participial adjective from उद्+√विज्/√विग् 'to be agitated')

• तावकाः: your (men), belonging to you
• तावकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• भृश: exceedingly, greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृश
• Form: indeclinable (adverb)

• दुःखिताः: sorrowful, afflicted
• दुःखिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural (past participial adjective from √खिद् 'to be afflicted')

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kaurava warriors (tāvakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in a dharma-framed war, intense sorrow and fear can disrupt discipline; the verse highlights how emotional suffering can momentarily override the warrior-code, reminding readers that ethical decisions and leadership must account for human limits.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava warriors, overwhelmed by distress and agitation, stop fighting and begin to pull back on all sides, despite attempts to restrain or prevent their withdrawal.