Shloka 81
Devanagari script
जयं मत्वा विपुलं वै त्वदीया- स्तलान् निजष्नु: सिंहनादांश्व नेदु:
Transliteration
jayaṁ matvā vipulaṁ vai tvadīyās talān nijaṣṇuḥ siṁhanādāṁś ca neduḥ
Translation
三阇耶说道：以为大胜已然在握，你的将士擂响战鼓，发出如狮般的战吼。沉醉于预想的凯旋，他们宣扬的是自信而非克制——这正是征战之中道义未明时，傲慢如何骤然翻涌的征兆。
Word by Word
जयम्victory
जयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मत्वाhaving thought/considered
मत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
विपुलम्great, abundant
विपुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविपुल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
त्वदीयाःyour (people/men), belonging to you
त्वदीयाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वदीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तलान्palms/soles (lit. 'tala'); (contextually unclear)
तलान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निजघ्नुःthey struck/they slew
निजघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
सिंहनादान्lion-roars, roars like lions
सिंहनादान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंहनाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
नेदुःthey roared/sounded
नेदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your')K
Kaurava forces (implied by 'tvadīyāḥ')W
war-drums (talāḥ)L
lion-like battle-cries (siṁhanādāḥ)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how certainty of success can inflate pride and noise—symbolized by drums and lion-roars—suggesting that in war, outward confidence may mask inner moral peril; dharma calls for vigilance and humility even amid apparent advantage.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava side, believing a decisive victory to be near, beat their drums and raised loud battle-cries, signaling heightened morale and aggressive momentum on the battlefield.