Shloka 11

Devanagari script

हया: ससूता निहता नरेन्द्र चूर्णीकृतश्चास्य रथ: पतन्त्या । दुःशासनं पाण्डवा: प्रेक्ष्य सर्वे हृष्टा: पज्चाला: सिंहनादानमुछ्चन्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

hayāḥ sasūtā nihatā narendra cūrṇīkṛtaś cāsya rathaḥ patantyā |

duḥśāsanaṃ pāṇḍavāḥ prekṣya sarve hṛṣṭāḥ pañcālāḥ siṃhanādān amuñcan ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：“大王啊，当那铁杵轰然坠下，杜沙娑那的战车被砸得粉碎，他的马匹连同御者也一并被杀。见杜沙娑那落到如此境地，众般度五子与旁遮罗诸勇士欢欣鼓舞，齐发狮子般的吼声。”

Word by Word

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ससूता: together with the charioteers
• ससूता: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सूत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निहताः: slain
• निहताः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + हन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past passive participle)

• नरेन्द्र: O king
• नरेन्द्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• चूर्णीकृतः: pulverized, smashed to pieces
• चूर्णीकृतः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चूर्णी + कृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अस्य: of him (of Duhshasana)
• अस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पतन्त्या: by (the) falling (mace/club)
• पतन्त्या: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular, śatṛ (present active participle)

• दुःशासनम्: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ईक्ष्
• Form: ktvā (absolutive/gerund)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हृष्टाः: delighted, thrilled
• हृष्टाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past passive participle, adjectival)

• पाञ्चालाः: the Panchalas
• पाञ्चालाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सिंहनादान्: lion-roars, battle-cries
• सिंहनादान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिंहनाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उच्चन्: uttering, raising
• उच्चन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + चि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, śatṛ (present active participle)

• नरेन्द्र: O king
• नरेन्द्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address narendra)
• Duhśāsana
• Pāṇḍavas
• Pañcālas
• ratha (chariot)
• hayāḥ (horses)
• sūta (charioteer)
• gadā (mace, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the rapid reversal of fortune in war and the moral-emotional surge that follows the downfall of a notorious aggressor. It reflects the epic’s sense that adharma invites ruin, while those aligned with a righteous cause draw renewed courage when injustice is visibly checked.

What is happening in the narrative?

A powerful descending strike (contextually, a mace-blow) shatters Duhshasana’s chariot; his horses and charioteer are killed. Witnessing his helpless condition, the Pandavas and their Panchala allies rejoice and roar in triumph, signaling a momentum shift on the battlefield.