Shloka 54

Devanagari script

विस्फार्य सुमहच्चापं ततश्नाधिरथिरवृष: । पज्चालान्‌ पुनराधावत्‌ पश्यत: सव्यसाचिन:,तत्पश्चात्‌ धर्मात्मा अधिरथपुत्र कर्णने अपने विशाल धनुषको फैलाकर अर्जुनके देखते- देखते पुनः पांचाल-योद्धाओंपर धावा किया

Transliteration

visphārya sumahac cāpaṃ tataḥ snādhirathiravṛṣaḥ | pāñcālān punar ādhāvat paśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：随后，迦尔纳——车战勇士中的雄牛——将巨弓拉至满月之势；就在阿周那眼前，他又一次冲向般遮罗诸战士。

Word by Word

• विस्फार्य: having stretched (out)
• विस्फार्य: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: विस्फार्य (वि+√स्फुर्/√स्फार्, caus./denom. sense: to stretch/expand)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि

• सुमहत्: very great
• सुमहत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमहत् (सु+महत्)
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• चापम्: bow
• चापम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चाप
• Form: नपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• अधिरथिः: Adhirathi (Karna)
• अधिरथिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिरथि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वृषः: bull (best of men)
• वृषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पाञ्चालान्: the Panchalas
• पाञ्चालान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• आदावत्: ran/charged
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+√द्रु (धाव्) / √धाव्
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद, कर्तरि

• पश्यतः: while (he) was looking / of (him) looking
• पश्यतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• सव्यसाचिनः: of Savyasacin (Arjuna)
• सव्यसाचिनः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सव्यसाचिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Karṇa (Ādhiratha-putra)
• Arjuna (Savyasācin)
• Pāñcāla warriors
• mighty bow (cāpa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in its battlefield form: steadfastness, courage, and unwavering engagement in one’s appointed duty, even under the direct gaze of a formidable rival.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Karṇa draws his great bow to full stretch and, with Arjuna watching, launches another assault on the Pāñcāla troops, intensifying the combat.