Shloka 123
Devanagari script
तमद्य निशितैर्बाणैविनिहत्य नरर्षभ । यथाप्रतिज्ञं पार्थ त्वं कृत्वा कीर्तिमवाप्रुहि
Transliteration
tam adya niśitair bāṇair vinihatya nararṣabha | yathā-pratijñaṃ pārtha tvaṃ kṛtvā kīrtim avāpruhi ||
Translation
桑阇耶说道：“人中雄牛啊，今日就以你锋利的箭矢将他射杀。帕尔塔啊，依你所许之誓而行，赢取长存的名声。”
Word by Word
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
निशितैःwith sharp
निशितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
बाणैःarrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विनिहत्यhaving slain
विनिहत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हन्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
नरर्षभO bull among men
नरर्षभ:
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootनरर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
प्रतिज्ञम्the vow/promise (as promised)
प्रतिज्ञम्:
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootप्रतिज्ञा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun (proper name/epithet)
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done/made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
कीर्तिम्fame, glory
कीर्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकीर्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्नुहिattain, obtain
अवाप्नुहि:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-आप्
Formलोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaP
Pārtha (Arjuna)T
tam (the unnamed opponent referred to as 'him')B
bāṇa (arrows)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse emphasizes kṣatriya resolve and the ethical weight of a pratijñā (vow): one should act decisively in accordance with one’s pledged word, for integrity in action is a source of rightful kīrti (honor and renown).
Sañjaya urges Pārtha (Arjuna) to kill the indicated enemy that very day with sharp arrows, explicitly linking the act to the fulfillment of Arjuna’s prior vow and the attainment of fame through keeping that promise in the battlefield context.