Shloka 29

कृष्णोपदेशः, अर्जुनस्य क्षमा-याचनम्, कर्णवध-अनुज्ञा

Krishna’s Counsel, Arjuna’s Apology, and Authorization for Karṇa’s Slaying

Devanagari script

ततः: कर्णो भृशं क्रुद्धों दृढमादाय कार्मुकम्‌

Transliteration

tataḥ karṇo bhṛśaṃ kruddho dṛḍham ādāya kārmukam

Translation

三阇耶说道：随即，迦尔那被狂烈的怒火所燃，牢牢握住弓——准备在战场上回应挑战；在那里，愤怒与决意驱使武士走向决断之举，而那举动往往伴随艰难的道德纠葛。

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (काल/क्रमवाचक)

• कर्णः: Karna
• कर्णः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भृशम्: exceedingly/very much
• भृशम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (रीतिवाचक)

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (कर्णस्य विशेषणम्)

• दृढम्: firmly/steadfastly
• दृढम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृढ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (क्रियाविशेषणवत्: दृढम् = firmly)

• आदाय: having taken
• आदाय: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ + दा (धातु) → आदाय (क्त्वान्त अव्यय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)

• कार्मुकम्: bow
• कार्मुकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्मुक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Karṇa
• kārmuka (bow)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger can rapidly convert into decisive action in war; it implicitly warns that a warrior’s resolve, when fueled by wrath, can intensify violence and narrow ethical reflection, even while appearing as steadfastness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Karṇa becomes intensely angry and firmly takes up his bow, signaling immediate readiness to engage or retaliate in the ongoing battle episode.