Shloka 10

Karṇa-vadha-pratyaya: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Verification of Karṇa’s Fall (कर्णवध-प्रत्ययः)

Devanagari script

स सम्प्रहारस्तुमुलस्तेषामासीत्‌ किरीटिना

Transliteration

sa samprahāras tumulas teṣām āsīt kirīṭinā

Translation

三阇耶说道：在他们之间，交锋变得凶猛而喧腾；这一切都在基里丁（Kirīṭin，阿周那）的猛攻推动之下。

Word by Word

• सः: that (he/that)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्प्रहारः: clash, fierce encounter
• सम्प्रहारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्प्रहार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तुमुलः: tumultuous, terrible
• तुमुलः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुमुल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आसीत्: was
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular

• किरीटिना: by the diademed one (Arjuna)
• किरीटिना: Karana
• Type: Noun (agent/epithet)
• Root: किरीटिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kirīṭin (Arjuna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how war escalates through the agency of powerful individuals: Arjuna’s prowess makes the encounter ‘tumultuous.’ Ethically, it underscores the weight of kṣatriya-duty—skill and resolve can decide outcomes, but they also intensify the suffering and moral gravity of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the fighting between the opposing sides has turned into a fierce, chaotic close-quarters clash, propelled especially by Arjuna (called Kirīṭin, ‘the diadem-wearer’).