Shloka 50
कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०
Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance
Devanagari script
अतिक्रम्य च चक्राड़: काक॑ तं समुदैक्षत
Transliteration
atikramya ca cakrāḍaḥ kākaṃ taṃ samudaikṣata
Translation
越过轮缘之后，乌鸦便凝目细察于他，仿佛要衡量那刚被自己逾越的界限之外究竟有什么——这般轻率的好奇，暗示着逾矩所招致的道德风险。
Word by Word
अतिक्रम्यhaving overstepped / having crossed
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययार्थे), कर्तरि, पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (absolutive/gerund)
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
चक्रात्from the wheel / from the discus
चक्रात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
काकःthe crow
काकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समुदैक्षतlooked up at / looked upon
समुदैक्षत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-ईक्ष्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3rd, Singular
Speaker
हंस उवाच
Characters & Entities
ह
हंस (Haṃsa, the swan—speaker)क
काक (Kāka, the crow)च
चक्र (Cakra, wheel/its rim as an object or boundary)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse suggests an ethical warning: crossing a boundary (atikrama) out of impulsive curiosity can lead to moral or practical danger; careful discernment should precede stepping beyond established limits.
In a didactic exchange attributed to the swan (haṃsa), the crow is described as having crossed the wheel’s edge/boundary and then staring intently—portraying a moment of transgressive action followed by scrutiny, as if assessing consequences or seeking advantage.