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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 92: Irāvanta-śoka, punaḥ-pravṛttiḥ saṅgrāmasya

Arjuna’s grief and the battle’s renewed intensity

सौमदत्तेश्न वीरस्य भगदत्तस्य चो भयो: । अश्वत्थाम्नस्तथा तात शूराणामनिवर्तिनाम्‌,दुर्भाग्यके अधीन होनेके कारण ही मेरे पुत्र हारते जा रहे हैं; विजयी नहीं हो रहे हैं। जहाँ भीष्म, द्रोण, महामना कृपाचार्य, वीरवर भूरिश्रवा, भगदत्त, अश्वत्थामा तथा युद्धमें पीठ न दिखानेवाले अन्य शूरवीरोंके बीचमें रहकर भी मेरे पुत्र प्रतिदिन संग्राममें मारे जाते हैं, वहाँ दुर्भाग्यके सिवा और क्या कारण हो सकता है?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | saumadatteś ca vīrasya bhagadattasya cobhayoḥ | aśvatthāmnas tathā tāta śūrāṇām anivartinām |

持国王说道:“孩子啊,即便索摩达多之子那位勇士(部利湿罗婆)、婆伽达多,以及阿湿婆他曼——这些在战阵中从不退转的战士——都在场,我的儿子们仍在厮杀中日复一日被斩杀。除却不幸,还能有什么缘由?”

सौमदत्तेषुamong the sons of Somadatta (e.g., Bhūriśravas etc.)
सौमदत्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसौमदत्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वीरस्यof the hero
वीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भगदत्तस्यof Bhagadatta
भगदत्तस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभगदत्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभयोःof both
उभयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootउभ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
अश्वत्थाम्नःof Aśvatthāman
अश्वत्थाम्नः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तातO dear one / O son (address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शूराणाम्of heroes
शूराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अनिवर्तिनाम्of those who do not turn back (unretreating)
अनिवर्तिनाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिवर्तिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhūriśravas (Saumadatta)
S
Somadatta
B
Bhagadatta
A
Aśvatthāman

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the tension between human agency and perceived fate: Dhṛtarāṣṭra attributes repeated Kaurava losses to ‘misfortune’ even though powerful warriors support them, implicitly pointing to the ethical consequence of an unrighteous cause and the blindness that seeks external explanations rather than moral accountability.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra, hearing of ongoing battlefield deaths, expresses anguish and disbelief that his sons keep falling despite the presence of renowned, steadfast fighters such as Bhūriśravas, Bhagadatta, and Aśvatthāman, and he concludes that only ill-luck can explain it.