Shloka 10

अध्याय ८८ — घटोत्कच-दुर्योधनयुद्धवर्णनम्

Ghaṭotkaca–Duryodhana Engagement

Devanagari script

पार्थोडपि तानापतत: समीक्ष्य त्रिगर्तराज्ञा सहितान्‌ नृवीरान्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | pārtho 'pi tān āpatataḥ samīkṣya trigartarājñā sahitān nṛvīrān | raṇabhūmau gāṇḍīvadhanur-mukta-tīkṣṇa-bāṇair vināśya bhīṣmam upasaṅgantum aicchat | athaiva yuddhasthale rājānaṃ duryodhanaṃ sindhurājaṃ jayadrathaṃ cādikān dadarśa ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：阿周那见那些勇士与特里伽尔塔王一同冲来，便欲以甘狄婆弓所发的锐利箭矢在战场上歼灭他们，然后再趋向毗湿摩。正当此时，他又在阵中望见都利约陀那王与信度之王阇耶陀罗他等人。

Word by Word

• पार्थः: Partha (Arjuna)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• तान्: those (men)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• आपततः: rushing/charging (towards)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आपतत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)

• समीक्ष्य: having seen/observed
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-ईक्ष्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)

• त्रिगर्तराज्ञा: by the king of the Trigartas
• त्रिगर्तराज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिगर्तराजन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• सहितान्: accompanied (by)/together with
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• नृवीरान्: heroic men/warriors
• नृवीरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृवीर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Arjuna (Partha)
• Trigarta king
• Trigarta warriors
• Gandiva bow
• Arrows
• Bhishma
• Duryodhana
• Jayadratha (Sindhu king)
• Battlefield (Kurukshetra context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined discernment in righteous conflict: a warrior must address immediate threats without losing sight of the principal duty and must remain alert to key adversaries whose presence changes ethical and strategic priorities.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna sees the Trigarta-led warriors charging, intends to cut them down with arrows from Gāṇḍīva and then proceed toward Bhīṣma, but at that moment he notices Duryodhana and Jayadratha on the battlefield as well.