Shloka 16

भीष्मवधाय प्रयाणम् — The Advance toward Bhīṣma and Counter-Engagements

Devanagari script

महाहवे दीप्यमानान्‌ सुवर्णमुकुटोज्ज्वलान्‌ | तत्यजु: समरे भीम॑ तव पुत्रा महाबला:

Transliteration

mahāhave dīpyamānān suvarṇamukuṭojjvalān | tatyajuḥ samare bhīma tava putrā mahābalāḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：在那场大战中，那些战士光焰炽盛，金冠闪耀。见他们在激战之中逼近，你那些强悍的儿子们，噢毗摩（持国王），便弃战后退，离开了战场。

Word by Word

• महाहवे: in the great battle
• महाहवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाहव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• दीप्यमानान्: blazing, shining
• दीप्यमानान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्यमान (दीप् धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सुवर्णमुकुटोज्ज्वलान्: bright with golden crowns
• सुवर्णमुकुटोज्ज्वलान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुवर्ण-मुकुट-उज्ज्वल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तत्यजुः: they abandoned/left
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भीम: O Bhima
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular, —

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महाबलाः: very strong, mighty
• महाबलाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as Bhīma)
• Kauravas (tava putrāḥ)
• Golden crowns (suvarṇa-mukuṭa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the powerful may falter when confronted by superior force; in the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, retreat born of fear contrasts with the ideal of steadfast kṣatriya-dharma—courage, resolve, and responsibility in battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes radiant, crown-adorned warriors advancing in the great fight; on seeing them, Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons lose heart and withdraw from the battlefield, abandoning the engagement.