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Shloka 23

Adhyāya 78 — Bhīṣma’s Advance, Duryodhana’s Rally, and Concurrent Duels (भीष्मस्याभ्युद्यमः, दुर्योधनस्योत्साहवचनम्, विविधयुद्धवर्णनम्)

ततो युद्धाय संजग्मु: पाण्डवा: कौरवै: सह । सूर्योदये महाराज ततो युद्धम भून्महत्‌

tato yuddhāya saṃjagmuḥ pāṇḍavāḥ kauravaiḥ saha | sūryodaye mahārāja tato yuddham abhūn mahat ||

三阇耶说道:大王啊,日出之时,般度五子进军,与俱卢诸军相接而战。自那一刻起,宏大而可怖的厮杀便展开——昭示着新的一天再度坠入不可逃避的职责与战争的毁灭之中。

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
Formavyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereafter')
युद्धायfor battle
युद्धाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, dative, singular
संजग्मुःwent forth, advanced
संजग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + गम्
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd person, plural, parasmaipada
पाण्डवाःthe Pandavas
पाण्डवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
कौरवैःwith the Kauravas
कौरवैः:
Saha (instrumental of accompaniment)
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
Formavyaya
सूर्योदयेat sunrise
सूर्योदये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्योदय
Formmasculine, locative, singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
ततःthen
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
Formavyaya
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अभूत्arose, happened
अभूत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
महत्great, mighty
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular (agreeing with युद्धम्)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Mahārāja)
P
Pāṇḍavas
K
Kauravas
S
Sunrise (sūryodaya)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the relentless momentum of war once dharma has been contested and arms have been taken up: at daybreak the warriors resume their kṣatriya-duty, showing how action (even grim action) proceeds according to role, resolve, and consequence.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that at sunrise the Pāṇḍavas moved to engage the Kauravas, and a great, fierce battle commenced.