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Shloka 40

Adhyāya 74 (Book 6, Bhīṣma-parva): Bhīma–Duryodhana re-engagement and afternoon escalation

महाराज! उस युद्धमें कितने ही हाथियोंके द्वारा विशाल सर्पराजके समान सूँड़ोंसे खींचकर फेंके हुए रथोंके ध्वज और कूबर चूर-चूर होकर गिरते देखे जाते थे ।। विशीर्णरथसंघाश्न केशेष्वाक्षिप्य दन्तिभि: । ट्रमशाखा इवाविध्य निष्पिष्टा रथिनो रणे,कितने ही दन्तार हाथी रथसमूहोंको तोड़-फोड़कर उनमें बैठे हुए रथियोंको उनके केश पकड़कर खींच लेते और वृक्षकी शाखाकी भाँति उन्हें घुमाकर धरतीपर दे मारते थे। इस प्रकार उस युद्धमें उन रथियोंकी धज्जियाँ उड़ जाती थीं

sañjaya uvāca | mahārāja! tasmin yuddhe bahubhir dantibhir mahāsarpārāja-sadṛśaiḥ śuṇḍaiḥ kṛṣṭvā kṣiptānāṃ rathānāṃ dhvajāḥ kūbarāś ca cūrṇitāḥ patantīti dṛśyante sma | viśīrṇa-ratha-saṅghān keśeṣv ākṣipya dantibhiḥ | drumāśākhā iva āvidhya niṣpiṣṭā rathino raṇe ||

三阇耶说道:大王啊,在那场战斗中,人们看见许多战车被战象以长鼻如巨蛇王般卷起掷出;车上的旗帜与车轭被砸得粉碎,纷纷坠落。獠牙森然的战象又冲散成群战车,揪住车战士的头发,将其如树枝般抡转,猛掷于地——在战争的狂怒里,那些勇士尽被碾压殆尽。

विशीर्णin the shattered/broken
विशीर्ण:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशीर्ण (वि-√शॄ/शॄण्, past passive participle)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रथ-संघेषुin the groups of chariots
रथ-संघेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + संघ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
आक्षिप्यhaving seized/dragged
आक्षिप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√क्षिप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
दन्तिभिःby elephants
दन्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
केशेषुby the hair (at the hair)
केशेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकेश
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रथिनःthe chariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
क्रम-शाखाःbranches (as if) of a tree (lit. step/series-branches; i.e., branches)
क्रम-शाखाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम + शाखा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आविध्यhaving whirled/brandished
आविध्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√व्यध्/√विध् (to whirl/brandish)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
निष्पिष्टाःwere crushed/smashed
निष्पिष्टाः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पिष् (past passive participle)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
E
elephants (dantins)
C
chariots (rathas)
B
banners/standards (dhvajas)
C
chariot-yokes/poles (kūbaras)
C
chariot-warriors (rathins)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how unchecked martial force turns warriors into objects of destruction, reminding the listener that power without restraint collapses dignity and order; it implicitly warns that dharma is strained when violence becomes mere crushing might.

Sañjaya describes elephants rampaging through chariot formations: they smash chariots so that banners and yokes splinter, then seize chariot-warriors by the hair, whirl them, and fling them down, crushing them amid the chaos of battle.