Shloka 57

सम्मथ्यमाना: क्रुद्धेन भीमसेनेन दन्तिन: । सहसा प्राद्रवन्‌ क्लिष्टा मृदूनन्तस्तव वाहिनीम्‌,क्रोधमें भरे हुए भीमसेन हाथियोंको मथे डालते थे; अतः वे उनके द्वारा अत्यन्त क्लेश पाकर आपकी सेनाको कुचलते हुए सहसा युद्धस्थलसे भाग चले

sammathyamānāḥ kruddhena bhīmasenena dantinaḥ | sahasā prādravan kliṣṭā mṛdūnantaḥ tava vāhinīm ||

三阇耶说:群象被暴怒的毗摩塞那猛烈搅击与痛击,顿时困苦不堪;它们一边践踏碾碎你的军阵,一边立刻从战场上奔逃而去。

सम्मथ्यमानाःbeing churned/violently agitated
सम्मथ्यमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्मथ्य (सम् + मथ्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रुद्धेनby the enraged
क्रुद्धेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (कृध्)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भीमसेनेनby Bhimasena
भीमसेनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दन्तिनःelephants
दन्तिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
प्राद्रवन्ran forth / fled
प्राद्रवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + द्रु
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
क्लिष्टाःafflicted, distressed
क्लिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्लिष्ट (क्लिश्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृदूनन्तःcrushing/trampling (soft things/ground), pressing down
मृदूनन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु + नद् (नन्द्/नद् as intensive sense in epic usage)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तवyour
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वाहिनीम्army
वाहिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाहिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīmasena
E
elephants (dantinaḥ)
K
Kaurava army (tava vāhinī)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring Mahābhārata insight: in war, rage and force can unleash uncontrollable chain-reactions. Even powerful assets like war-elephants, once panicked, become indiscriminate agents of destruction, harming allies and worsening adharma-like chaos on the field.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Bhīmasena, fighting in anger, batters the elephants so severely that they become distressed and suddenly flee. In their stampede they trample and crush the Kaurava troops while escaping the battlefield.