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Shloka 38

Adhyāya 6: Pañca-mahābhūta–guṇa-nirdeśa and Sudarśana-dvīpa

Five Elements, Sensory Qualities, and a Cosmographic Island

धनु:संस्थे महाराज द्रे वर्षे दक्षिणोत्तरे । इलावृतं मध्यमं तु पञच वर्षाणि चैव हि,महाराज! दक्षिण और उत्तरके क्रमश: भारत और ऐरावत नामक दो वर्ष धनुषकी दो कोटियोंके समान स्थित हैं और बीचमें पाँच वर्ष (श्वेत, हिरण्यक, इलावृत, हरिवर्ष तथा हैमवत) हैं। इन सबके बीचमें इलावृतवर्ष है

dhanuḥsaṃsthe mahārāja dve varṣe dakṣiṇottare | ilāvṛtaṃ madhyamaṃ tu pañca varṣāṇi caiva hi ||

三阇耶说道:“大王啊,如弓之两端,有南与北两域分列其端;居其中者为伊罗弗利多(Ilāvṛta),而其间确有五域相隔。”就上下文而言,此偈以清晰有序的格局描绘宇宙地理,仿佛寓示:纵在浩瀚多样之中,亦有和谐与正当的安排——达摩(dharma)。

धनुःa bow
धनुः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संस्थेin the two positions/ends
संस्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्था
FormFeminine, Locative, Dual
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
वर्षेregions/lands (varṣas)
वर्षे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
दक्षिणsouthern
दक्षिण:
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तरेnorthern
उत्तरे:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इलावृतम्Ilāvṛta (name of a varṣa)
इलावृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइलावृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमम्the middle/central
मध्यमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
वर्षाणिregions/lands (varṣas)
वर्षाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Mahārāja (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
I
Ilāvṛta (Ilāvṛtavarṣa)
D
Dakṣiṇa (southern region)
U
Uttara (northern region)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes an ordered cosmic arrangement—regions placed with symmetry (like the ends of a bow) and a defined center (Ilāvṛta). Implicitly, it reflects the Mahābhārata’s recurring ideal that stability and righteousness (dharma) depend on proper order and clear structure.

Sañjaya is describing the world’s divisions (varṣas) in a cosmographic account, locating the southern and northern regions at the ‘two ends’ and identifying Ilāvṛta as the central region, with five regions described as lying in between.