Shloka 331
भीमसेनस्य गदायुद्ध-प्रभावः
The Battlefield Impact of Bhīmasena’s Mace Combat
ध्वजानां चर्मणां चैव व्यजनानां च सर्वश: । छत्राणां हेमदण्डानां तोमराणां च भारत
dhvajānāṁ carmaṇāṁ caiva vyajanānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ | chatrāṇāṁ hemadaṇḍānāṁ tomarāṇāṁ ca bhārata
三阇耶说道：“噢，婆罗多啊，四面八方尽是旗帜、皮革军具、各式羽扇、金柄华盖，以及投枪（托摩罗）。”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse is primarily descriptive rather than doctrinal: it highlights the outward splendor and martial preparedness of the armies—royal emblems (parasols, fans, banners) alongside weapons—implicitly reminding that war involves both power-display and lethal force, and that such grandeur can mask the grave ethical weight of battle.
Sañjaya continues reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the scene of the Kurukṣetra battlefield, emphasizing the abundance of banners, leather equipment, ceremonial fans, golden-handled parasols, and javelins visible everywhere—conveying the scale, organization, and royal presence within the forces.