Shloka 91

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

सर्वकालिज्ञ्योधेषु पाण्डूनां ध्वजिनीपति: । अब्रवीत्‌ स्वान्यनीकानि युध्यध्वमिति पार्षत:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | sarvakālajñyo dheṣu pāṇḍūnāṃ dhvajinīpatiḥ | abravīt svāny anīkāni yudhyadhvam iti pārṣataḥ |

Translation

三阇耶说道：于是，德鲁帕达之子德里什塔丢摩那——般度族军之统帅，素来善察战机——对自己的诸部说道：“诸位英雄，继续奋战！”

Word by Word

• सर्वकालज्ञेषु: among those who know all times / ever-knowing
• सर्वकालज्ञेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वकालज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• पाण्डूनाम्: of the Pāṇḍus / of the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डूनाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• ध्वजिनीपतिः: the commander of the army
• ध्वजिनीपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वजिनीपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said / spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• स्वानि: his own
• स्वानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• अनीकानि: troops / divisions
• अनीकानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनीक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• युध्यध्वम्: fight!
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: Imperative (Loṭ), 2nd, Plural, Ātmanepada

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• पार्षतः: the son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
• पार्षतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhrishtadyumna
• Drupada (Pṛṣata)
• Pandavas
• Bhimasena
• Kalinga

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Leadership in dharma-yuddha requires timely judgment and the ability to steady troops when fear spreads; courage and disciplined action are presented as the warrior’s duty in crisis.

What is happening in the narrative?

After Bhima’s extraordinary violence causes the Kalinga fighters to panic and scatter, Dhrishtadyumna, as the Pandava commander, rallies his own formations and orders them to continue fighting.