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Shloka 20

भीष्मधनंजयद्वैरथम्

Bhīṣma–Dhanaṃjaya Duel and the Opening Clash

तमापततन्तं वेगेन प्रभिन्नमिव वारणम्‌,सहसा प्रत्युदीयाय भीष्म: शान्तनवोडर्जुनम्‌ । मदकी धारा बहानेवाले गजराजकी भाँति उन्हें वेगसे आते और रणक्षेत्रमें सायकोंद्वारा शूरवीरोंका मर्दन करके उन्हें भयभीत करते देख जयद्रथ आदि राजाओं तथा पूर्वदेश, सौवीर राज्य और केकय प्रदेशके योद्धाओंसे सुरक्षित शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्म सहसा अर्जुनकी ओर बढ़े

sañjaya uvāca |

tam āpatantaṃ vegena prabhinnam iva vāraṇam |

sahasā pratyudīyāya bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo 'rjunam ||

三阇耶说:见阿周那以惊人的速度冲杀而来,犹如狂象破阵;善檀奴之子毗湿摩当即挺身上前迎击。战场之上,阿周那以箭雨摧折勇士,令众人胆寒;而他又有以阇耶陀罗等诸王为首,并有东方诸国、娑毗罗与计迦耶的战士环护左右——见此情形,善檀奴之子毗湿摩便骤然向阿周那进逼。

तम्him (Arjuna)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपतन्तम्coming/falling upon, rushing
आपतन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआपत् (धातु: पत्/आपत्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
वेगेनwith speed
वेगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभिन्नम्maddened, in rut (lit. split/oozing)
प्रभिन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभिन्न (from धातु: भिद् with प्र-; past participle)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वारणम्elephant
वारणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवारण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
प्रत्युदीयायwent forth against, advanced to meet
प्रत्युदीयाय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उद्-या (धातु: या)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तनवःson of Shantanu
शान्तनवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
A
Arjuna
Ś
Śantanu
E
elephant (vāraṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in wartime: when a powerful warrior advances, the responsible leader does not evade but meets the challenge, prioritizing protection of allies and steadfastness in duty even under danger.

Arjuna charges forward with tremendous momentum, compared to a rut-maddened elephant. Bhīṣma, the Kuru commander and son of Śantanu, immediately advances to confront Arjuna head-on.