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Shloka 3

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

श्वेतं सेनापतिं शूरं पुरस्कृत्य महारथा: । राज्ञो बल॑ दर्शयन्तस्तव पुत्रस्य भारत,जिघांसन्तं युधां श्रेष्ठ तदा55सीत्‌ तुमुलं महत्‌ । संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! पाण्डवपक्षके लाखों क्षत्रियशिरोमणि महारथी विराट सेनापति शूरवीर श्वेतको आगे करके आपके पुत्र दुर्योधनको अपना बल दिखाते हुए शिखण्डीको सामने रखकर भीष्मके सुवर्णभूषित रथपर चढ़ आये। भारत! वे महारथी श्लेतकी रक्षा करना चाहते थे। इसलिये उसे मारनेकी इच्छावाले योद्धाओंमें श्रेष्ठ भीष्मपर उन्होंने धावा किया। उस समय बड़ा भयंकर युद्ध छिड़ गया

sañjaya uvāca | śvetaṃ senāpatiṃ śūraṃ puraskṛtya mahārathāḥ | rājño balaṃ darśayantastava putrasya bhārata, jighāṃsantaṃ yudhāṃ śreṣṭha tadā āsīt tumulaṃ mahat |

三阇耶说道:“大王啊,婆罗多啊——他们以英勇的统帅湿婆多(Śveta)为先锋,诸位大车战士推进上前,在你儿子面前显示其威势。继而当他们冲向毗湿摩(Bhīṣma)——战阵中最卓绝者、决意诛杀湿婆多之人——一场浩大而喧腾的恶战便爆发了。”

श्वेतम्Shveta (name)
श्वेतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सेनापतिम्commander of the army
सेनापतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शूरम्heroic, brave
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरस्कृत्यhaving placed in front / having put forward
पुरस्कृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बलम्strength, force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दर्शयन्तःshowing
दर्शयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Present (Parasmaipada participle)
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्रस्यof (your) son
पुत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जिघांसन्तम्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Present (Desiderative participle)
युधाम्of battles / of fighters
युधाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठम्the best, foremost
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्was, occurred
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular
तुमुलम्tumultuous, fierce
तुमुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'rājan', 'bhārata')
D
Duryodhana (tava putra)
Ś
Śveta
B
Bhīṣma
M
Mahārathas (Pandava-side warriors, collective)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how battlefield ethics and strategy intertwine: protecting a valued leader (Śveta) compels concentrated action, while the intent to eliminate a formidable opponent (Bhīṣma) escalates conflict. It implicitly warns that war’s momentum often grows from tactical necessities and fear-driven targeting, quickly becoming uncontrollable turmoil.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Pandava-side elite chariot-warriors advance with Śveta placed at the front, demonstrating their strength before Duryodhana. As they rush to engage Bhīṣma—who is described as intent on killing Śveta—a massive, chaotic battle breaks out.