Shloka 117

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

Devanagari script

ततो दुःशासनो राजन श्वैतं दृष्टया निपातितम्‌

Transliteration

tato duḥśāsano rājan śvaitaṃ dṛṣṭayā nipātitam

Translation

三阇耶说道：“于是，大王啊，杜沙萨那看见施瓦伊塔被击倒，倒伏在地。”此句写出战场阴沉的推进：目睹同伴陨落，既使人意志更硬，也使继续施暴的道德重负愈加沉重。

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular

• श्वैतम्: the white (one/thing)
• श्वैतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वैत
• Form: Neuter, accusative, singular

• दृष्ट्या: with (his) sight/glance
• दृष्ट्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि
• Form: Feminine, instrumental, singular

• निपातितम्: felled/caused to fall/struck down
• निपातितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-पत्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), neuter accusative singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duḥśāsana
• Śvaita

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical gravity of war: each fall on the battlefield is not merely tactical information but a moral event that intensifies sorrow, anger, and the karmic burden borne by those who continue the conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duḥśāsana witnesses Śvaita lying felled—an immediate battlefield update marking a shift in morale and the unfolding consequences of combat.