Shloka 20
भीमसेननादः तथा प्रथमसंमर्दः
Bhīmasena’s Roar and the First Clash
गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन् देही देहसमुद्धवान् । जन्ममृत्युजरादु:खैरविंमुक्तो5मृतम श्ुते
arjuna uvāca | guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute ||
阿周那说：当具身之我超越这由身之本性所生的三种“古那”（guṇa）时，便从生、死、老以及一切苦担中解脱，证得不死之境。在《薄伽梵歌》的伦理脉络中，这指向内在的解放：行事而不为自然界变动的力量所役使，由此获得恒久的自由，而非暂时的得失。
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The core teaching is that liberation comes from transcending the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—which govern embodied experience. When one is no longer driven by these qualities, one becomes free from the cycle marked by birth, death, aging, and suffering, and attains the ‘deathless’ state (amṛta), i.e., mokṣa.
In the dialogue on the battlefield, Arjuna is questioning the nature of spiritual freedom. Here he articulates (and prompts clarification of) the idea that the embodied self can go beyond the guṇas that arise with bodily existence, and that such transcendence results in release from existential suffering and attainment of immortality.