Shloka 10

Puruṣottama-yoga

The Discipline of the Supreme Person) — Chapter 15 (Bhagavadgītā

Devanagari script

अप कि मर वि का कमान | अनेकदिव्याभरणं धम्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | aneka-divyābharaṇaṁ divyānekoddyata-śastram | divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṁ divya-gandhānulepanam || sarvāścarya-mayaṁ devam anantaṁ viśvato-mukham | dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavas tadā viśmarūpo ’rjuno ’bravīt ||

Translation

三阇耶说：阿周那得见至上主以毗罗阇（宇宙）之相显现——无量天饰庄严，诸天神兵在其手中高举；佩戴天界花鬘与衣裳，周身涂抹神圣妙香。其相奇伟，超越度量；无边无际，面向十方。见此包罗万有、含摄一切众生与一切果报之神，阿周那震骇伫立：将临之战的道德重负，与对主的直接观见，于此交会。

Word by Word

• अर्जुनः: Arjuna
• अर्जुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ददर्श: saw
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• परमदेवम्: the supreme god
• परमदेवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परमदेव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• परमेश्वरम्: the supreme lord
• परमेश्वरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परमेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विराट्स्वरूपम्: of vast/universal form
• विराट्स्वरूपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराट्स्वरूप
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनेकमुखम्: having many faces
• अनेकमुखम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकमुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनेकनेत्रम्: having many eyes
• अनेकनेत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकनेत्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनेकदिव्याभरणम्: adorned with many divine ornaments
• अनेकदिव्याभरणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकदिव्याभरण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनेकदिव्यशस्त्राणि: many divine weapons
• अनेकदिव्यशस्त्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनेकदिव्यशस्त्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• हस्तेषु: in (his) hands
• हस्तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्त
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• उद्यम्य: having lifted/raised
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-यम्
• Form: Lyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (sense)

• दिव्यमाल्यवस्त्रधरम्: wearing divine garlands and garments
• दिव्यमाल्यवस्त्रधरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्यमाल्यवस्त्रधर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम्: smeared with divine fragrance (unguent)
• दिव्यगन्धानुलेपनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्यगन्धानुलेपन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सर्वाश्चर्यम्: full of all wonders
• सर्वाश्चर्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वाश्चर्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सीमारहितम्: limitless
• सीमारहितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सीमारहित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सर्वतोमुखम्: facing in all directions
• सर्वतोमुखम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वतोमुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Arjuna
• Paramadeva (Supreme God)
• Parameśvara (Supreme Lord)
• Virāṭ-svarūpa (Universal Form)
• divine ornaments (divyābharaṇa)
• divine weapons (divya-śastra)
• divine garlands (divya-mālya)
• divine garments (divyāmbara)
• divine fragrance/anointing (divya-gandhānulepana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes the Lord’s limitless, all-encompassing sovereignty: the divine reality is not confined to a single form or direction, but contains all powers, all splendor, and all outcomes. Ethically, it reframes the battlefield dilemma by placing human action within a larger cosmic order (dharma) governed by the Supreme.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Arjuna directly sees the Supreme Lord’s cosmic form—radiant with divine ornaments, weapons, garlands, garments, and fragrance, infinite and facing everywhere. This vision overwhelms Arjuna and sets up his response of awe and moral seriousness in the midst of the impending war.