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Shloka 16

कर्मयोग–ज्ञानयज्ञ–अवतारोपदेश

Karma-Yoga, Jñāna-Yajña, and Avatāra Instruction

सम्बन्ध-- बारहवें और तेरहवें श्लोकोंमें भगवान्‌ने आत्माकी नित्यता और निर्विकारताका प्रतिपादन किया तथा चौदहवें श्लोकमें इच्ध्रियोंके साथ विषयोंके संयोगोंको अनित्य बतलाया; किंतु आत्मा क्‍यों नित्य है और ये संयोग क्‍यों अनित्य हैं? इसका स्पष्टीकरण नहीं किया गया; अतएव इस श*लोकमें भगवान्‌ नित्य और अनित्य वस्तुके विवेचनकी रीति बतलानेके लिये दोनोंके लक्षण बतलाते हैं-- नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः । उभयोरपि दृष्टोडन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभि:

nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ | ubhayor api dṛṣṭo 'ntas tv anayos tattvadarśibhiḥ ||

三阇耶转述主的教诲:不真实者从未真正成有;真实者亦从未归于无。洞见实相的智者,已辨明二者的究竟真理——迁变者不过是暂现之相,而内在之我(我性/阿特曼)恒常不坏。此分别使人在危局中立德不摇:莫为仅仅变化之物而悲恸,亦莫因惧失而弃舍本分与法(达摩)。

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
asataḥof the unreal / non-existent
asataḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootasat
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
vidyateexists / is found
vidyate:
TypeVerb
Root√vid (vindati/vidyate)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Active (middle-form)
bhāvaḥbeing / existence
bhāvaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootbhāva
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
abhāvaḥnon-being / non-existence
abhāvaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootabhāva
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vidyateexists / is found
vidyate:
TypeVerb
Root√vid (vindati/vidyate)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Active (middle-form)
sataḥof the real / existent
sataḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootsat
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
ubhayayoḥof both (of these two)
ubhayayoḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootubhaya
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
apiindeed / also
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
dṛṣṭaḥseen / realized
dṛṣṭaḥ:
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś
Formkta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
antaḥend / conclusion / final truth
antaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootanta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tubut / indeed
tu:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu
anayoḥof these two
anayoḥ:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootidam (pronoun stem: ana-/ena- in oblique forms)
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
tattva-darśibhiḥby the seers of truth
tattva-darśibhiḥ:
Karana
TypeNoun
Roottattva-darśin
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhagavān (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
T
tattvadarśin (the wise seers of truth)

Educational Q&A

Reality (sat) does not cease, and unreality (asat) never truly attains being. The wise discern that the changing body-and-experience is transient, while the Self is enduring; this insight removes grief and supports steadfast performance of dharma.

In the Bhīṣma Parva on the battlefield, Sañjaya recounts Kṛṣṇa’s instruction to Arjuna. This verse provides the philosophical criterion for distinguishing the eternal Self from temporary bodily states, preparing Arjuna to act without delusion or despair.