Next Verse

Shloka 1

Arjuna’s Surrender and Kṛṣṇa’s Instruction on the Imperishable Self, Svadharma, and Karma-Yoga

Bhīṣma-parva 24.0

ऑपन--माजल बछ। अफि<-छऋाल चतुर्विशो$ध्याय: सैनिकोंके हर्ष और उत्साहके विषयमें धृतराष्ट्र और संजयका संवाद धृतराष्ट उवाच केषां प्रह्ृष्टास्तत्राग्रे योधा युध्यन्ति संजय । उदग्रमनस: के वा के वा दीना विचेतस:,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--संजय! उस समय किस पक्षके योद्धा अत्यन्त हर्षमें भरकर पहले युद्धमें प्रवृत्त हुए? किनके मनमें उत्साह भरा था और कौन-कौन मनुष्य दीन एवं अचेत हो रहे थे?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | keṣāṁ prahṛṣṭās tatrāgre yodhā yudhyanti sañjaya | udagramanasaḥ ke vā ke vā dīnā vicetasaḥ ||

持国王说道:“三阇耶,在那一刻,哪一方的勇士满怀欢腾,最先挺身而出投入战斗?谁的心志昂扬、热切坚决——而谁又反倒沮丧迷惘?”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
केषाम्of whom / of which side
केषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रहृष्टाःexceedingly delighted
प्रहृष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रहृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अग्रेin front / at first
अग्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्र
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युध्यन्तिfight
युध्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उदग्रमनसःhaving uplifted/excited minds
उदग्रमनसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउदग्रमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केwho
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
केwho
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
दीनाःdejected
दीनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विचेतसःbewildered / lacking presence of mind
विचेतसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविचेतस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how inner states—exultation, resolve, dejection, and confusion—shape action in conflict. It implicitly invites ethical reflection: victory and righteousness are not only matters of force but also of clarity, courage, and steadiness of mind.

At the outset of battle, Dhṛtarāṣṭra questions Sañjaya about the morale of the opposing armies—who surged forward joyfully to fight and who became dispirited or mentally unsettled.