Shloka 42

Devanagari script

इति देवगणानां च वाक्यं श्रुत्वा महातपा: । ततः शान्तनवो भीष्मो बीभत्सुं नात्यवर्तत

Transliteration

iti devagaṇānāṁ ca vākyaṁ śrutvā mahātapāḥ | tataḥ śāntanavo bhīṣmo bībhatsuṁ nātyavartata ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：“听罢诸神众的这些话，伟大的苦行者、善檀奴之子毗湿摩，此后便不再逼迫阿周那（毗婆蹉）。”

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• देवगणानाम्: of the hosts of gods
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवगण
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वाक्यम्: speech; statement
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• महातपाः: the great ascetic (Arjuna)
• महातपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महातपस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then; thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• शान्तनवः: son of Śantanu
• शान्तनवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्तनव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीष्मः: Bhīṣma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बीभत्सुम्: Arjuna (the terrible one)
• बीभत्सुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बीभत्सु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अत्यवर्तत: surpassed; went beyond
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-√वृत्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Devagaṇa (hosts of gods)
• Bhīṣma
• Śāntanu
• Arjuna (Bībhatsu)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in war, a dharmic warrior is guided by restraint and by higher counsel: hearing the gods’ words, Bhīṣma does not act in a way that violates the larger ordained order, suggesting ethical self-limitation rather than unchecked aggression.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that after the gods speak, Bhīṣma—identified as Śāntanu’s son and a great ascetic—refrains from going beyond Arjuna (Bībhatsu), indicating that Bhīṣma moderates his action toward Arjuna in response to divine pronouncement.