Shloka 59

Devanagari script

काउ्चनानि च दामानि पताकाश्न महाधना: । धूयमाना व्यदृश्यन्त सहसा मारुतेरिता:,सोनेके हार बिखरे पड़े थे, बहुमूल्य पताकाएँ सहसा वायुसे प्रेरित होकर फहराती दिखायी देती थीं

Transliteration

kāñcanāni ca dāmāni patākāś ca mahādhanāḥ | dhūyamānā vyadṛśyanta sahasā māruteritāḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：“金制花环与价值连城的旌旗顷刻可见，忽被风力牵动，在空中飘扬舒展。”

Word by Word

• kañcanāni: golden (ornaments/things of gold)
• kañcanāni: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: kañcana
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca

• dāmāni: garlands/necklaces/strings
• dāmāni: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: dāman
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• patākāḥ: banners/flags
• patākāḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: patākā
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• mahādhanāḥ: very valuable/costly
• mahādhanāḥ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahādhana
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• dhūyamānāḥ: being shaken/waved
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhūya
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Śānac (present passive participle)

• vyadṛśyanta: were seen/appeared
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada, Passive/impersonal sense (appeared/was seen)

• sahasā: suddenly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā

• mārutena: by the wind
• mārutena: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: māruta
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• īritāḥ: impelled/driven
• Type: Verb
• Root: īrita
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Kta (past passive participle)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• wind (Māruta)
• golden garlands (kāñcanāni dāmāni)
• banners/flags (patākāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the contrast between costly, royal display and the uncontrollable forces of nature on the battlefield—suggesting the fragility and transience of worldly splendor amid war’s larger, impersonal momentum.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene: valuable banners and golden garlands are suddenly caught by the wind and seen fluttering, heightening the vivid atmosphere and movement around the armies.