Shloka 12

Devanagari script

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम तव पुत्रस्य पौरुषम्‌ । अयोधयच्च यत्‌ पार्थ जुगोप च पितामहम्‌

Transliteration

tatrādbhutam apaśyāma tava putrasya pauruṣam | ayodhayac ca yat pārtha jugopa ca pitāmaham ||

Translation

在那里，我们见证了你儿子惊人的英勇：他一面与阿周那交战，一面又警醒守护祖父辈的毗湿摩。

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• अद्भुतम्: wonderful, marvelous (thing)
• अद्भुतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अद्भुत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अपश्याम: we saw
• अपश्याम: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Plural

• तव: of you, your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• पुत्रस्य: of (your) son
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• पौरुषम्: manliness, valor
• पौरुषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौरुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अयोधयत्: he caused to fight / he fought (made battle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (caus.)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यत्: which (deed)
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Partha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जुगोप: he protected
• Type: Verb
• Root: गुप्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पितामहम्: the grandsire (Bhishma)
• पितामहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duḥśāsana
• Arjuna (Pārtha)
• Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores a kṣatriya ideal: courage in direct combat coupled with responsibility toward one’s commander and elders. Valor is presented not merely as aggression, but as disciplined service—fighting the enemy while safeguarding the vulnerable or strategically vital.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duḥśāsana displayed remarkable prowess on the battlefield: he engaged Arjuna in combat and simultaneously took care to protect Bhīṣma, the Kuru commander, indicating coordinated defense amid intense fighting.