Shloka 1

Devanagari script

[दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके १ ६ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ४८ ६ “लोक हैं।] हि (> > जयत्सेन नामके दो व्यक्ति प्रतीत होते हैं

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṃ śāntanavo bhīṣmo daśame 'hani saṃjaya | ayudhyata mahāvīryaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ saha sṛñjayaiḥ ||

Translation

持国王说道：“三阇耶啊，第十日，具大勇力的毗湿摩——善檀奴之子——是如何与般度诸子及施林阇耶众交战的？”

Word by Word

• धृतराष्ट्रः: Dhritarashtra
• धृतराष्ट्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कथम्: how
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• शान्तनवः: son of Shantanu
• शान्तनवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्तनव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दशमे: on the tenth
• दशमे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशम
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• अहनि: day
• अहनि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• अयुध्यत: fought
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• महावीर्यः: of great prowess
• महावीर्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महावीर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डवैः: with/by the Pandavas
• पाण्डवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• सूंजयैः: with/by the Sṛñjayas
• सूंजयैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूंजय
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Sañjaya
• Bhīṣma
• Śantanu
• Pāṇḍavas
• Sṛñjayas
• tenth day of the Kurukṣetra war

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds the epic’s ethical tension: even the most venerable and mighty warrior (Bhīṣma) must act within the demands of kṣatriya-dharma, and the king’s inquiry highlights accountability—seeking a truthful account of how power is exercised in war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to describe how Bhīṣma fought on the tenth day of the Kurukṣetra war against the Pāṇḍavas and their allies, the Sṛñjayas, setting up the detailed battle narration that follows.