Shloka 11

Adhyāya 107 — बहुयुद्धप्रकरणम्

Multiple Defensive Engagements to Protect Bhīṣma

Devanagari script

स एक: समरे तस्थौ किरन्‌ बहुविधाञ्शरान्‌ । भ्रातृभि: सहित: सर्व: शेषा हि प्रद्गुता नरा:

Transliteration

sa ekaḥ samare tasthau kiran bahuvidhān śarān | bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ sarvaḥ śeṣā hi pradgutā narāḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：唯有他一人在战场上屹立不动，倾洒各式箭矢如雨；诸兄弟尽随其侧，而其余众人确已尽皆逃散。

Word by Word

• सः: he (that one)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एकः: alone
• एकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तस्थौ: stood
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• किरन्: scattering, showering
• किरन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कॄ (किरति)
• Form: Śatṛ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बहुविधान्: of many kinds
• बहुविधान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शरान्: arrows
• शरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• भ्रातृभिः: with (his) brothers
• भ्रातृभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सहितः: accompanied (together)
• सहितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वः: entirely, all (of him)
• सर्वः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शेषाः: the remaining
• शेषाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हि: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• प्रद्रुताः: fled, ran away
• प्रद्रुताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-द्रु (द्रवति)
• Form: Kta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नराः: men
• नराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Duryodhana's brothers (Kauravas)
• arrows
• battlefield

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the moral tension of warfare: steadfastness and bravery can appear admirable, yet they may serve an unrighteous cause. It invites reflection on how courage (śaurya) gains ethical value only when aligned with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the midst of battle, Duryodhana—together with his brothers—continues fighting, releasing volleys of arrows, while the rest of the warriors retreat or scatter in fear.