Shloka 13

मरुत्तोपाख्यान-प्रस्तावः — Genealogy to Marutta and the Logistics of Royal Sacrifice

Devanagari script

स पीड्यमानो बहुभि: क्षीणकोशाश्ववाहन: । आर्तिमार्च्छत्‌ परां राजा सह भृत्यै: पुरेण च

Transliteration

sa pīḍyamāno bahubhiḥ kṣīṇakośāśvavāhanaḥ | ārtim ārcchat parāṃ rājā saha bhṛtyaiḥ pureṇa ca ||

Translation

在众多仇敌的逼迫下，国库枯竭，战马与诸般车乘亦已耗尽，那位国王与其侍从及城中百姓一道，陷入了极深的困厄。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पीड्यमानः: being tormented/pressed
• पीड्यमानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पीड्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present passive participle)

• बहुभिः: by many (persons)
• बहुभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• क्षीण-कोश-अश्व-वाहनः: whose treasury, horses, and vehicles were depleted/destroyed
• क्षीण-कोश-अश्व-वाहनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाहन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आर्तिम्: distress, calamity
• आर्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आर्च्छत्: reached/entered (fell into)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ऋच्छ्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पराम्: great, extreme
• पराम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• भृत्यैः: with servants/retainers
• भृत्यैः: Sahakari (Instrumental of accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• पुरेण: with the city (i.e., townspeople)
• पुरेण: Sahakari (Instrumental of accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• rājā (the king)
• bhṛtyāḥ (retainers/servants)
• puram / pureṇa (the city and its people)
• kośa (treasury)
• aśvāḥ (horses)
• vāhanāni (vehicles/conveyances)
• bahavaḥ (many foes/enemies—implicit)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler’s depletion of resources and defenses in the face of many aggressors leads to severe distress not only for himself but also for his dependents and citizens, emphasizing the ethical burden of governance and the communal impact of political weakness.

What is happening in the narrative?

The king, overwhelmed by numerous enemies and having lost wealth and transport (horses and vehicles), is driven into extreme calamity along with his attendants and the inhabitants of his city.