Shloka 8

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

Devanagari script

नैशात्मकं तमो विद्यात्‌ त्रिगुणं मोहसंज्ञितम्‌ । अधर्मलक्षणं चैव नियतं पापकर्मसु । तामसं रूपमेतत्‌ तु दृश्यते चापि सड्भतम्‌

Transliteration

naiśātmakaṃ tamo vidyāt triguṇaṃ mohasaṃjñitam | adharmalakṣaṇaṃ caiva niyataṃ pāpakarmasu | tāmasaṃ rūpam etat tu dṛśyate cāpi saṅghatam ||

Translation

风神伐由说道：“当知昏暗（tamas）具夜与黑暗之性——为三古那之一，亦名‘迷妄’（moha）。它以非正法（adharma）为标志，在造作罪业者之中，常成沉着之习。此即昏暗之相；并且亦可见其与他质相杂，合而现起。”

Word by Word

• नैशात्मकम्: having the nature of night
• नैशात्मकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नैशात्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तमः: darkness; tamas
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• विद्यात्: one should know
• विद्यात्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• त्रिगुणम्: consisting of the three guṇas
• त्रिगुणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिगुण
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मोहसंज्ञितम्: called 'delusion' (moha)
• मोहसंज्ञितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मोहसंज्ञित
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अधर्मलक्षणम्: characterized by adharma
• अधर्मलक्षणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधर्मलक्षण
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• नियतम्: fixed; certainly present
• नियतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पापकर्मसु: among sinful deeds / in sinful actions
• पापकर्मसु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पापकर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• तामसम्: tamasic
• तामसम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तामस
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• रूपम्: form; nature
• रूपम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but; however
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• दृश्यते: is seen; appears
• दृश्यते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• सद्भतम्: mixed/combined (with other qualities)
• सद्भतम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सद्भत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu-deva