Shloka 23
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
स्थावराणि च भूतानि पशवो वाहनानि च । क्रव्यादा दन््दशूकाश्न कृमिकीटविहंगमा:
sthāvarāṇi ca bhūtāni paśavo vāhanāni ca | kravyādā daṃśūka-aśnī kṛmi-kīṭa-vihaṅgamāḥ ||
风神伐由说道：“一切众生——不动之类、诸兽之类，乃至为人所乘所载之畜类——并及食肉者、噬咬之蛇，以及诸般虫豸、昆类与飞鸟：这一切也都包含在内。”
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse expands the moral and philosophical field to include every category of living being—immobile life, animals, mounts, predators, snakes, worms, insects, and birds—implying that dharma and ethical consideration are not limited to humans or ‘noble’ creatures.
Vāyu-deva is speaking and enumerates classes of beings to clarify that the topic under discussion applies universally across life-forms, including those commonly feared (snakes) or disregarded (worms and insects).