Shloka 19

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

Devanagari script

प्रधानगुणतत्त्वज्ञ: सर्वभूतविधानवित्‌ | निर्ममो निरहड्कारो मुच्यते नात्र संशय:

Transliteration

pradhāna-guṇa-tattva-jñaḥ sarva-bhūta-vidhāna-vit | nirmamo nirahaṅkāro mucyate nātra saṁśayaḥ ||

Translation

风神伐由说道：“真知原质（Pradhāna，根本自然）及诸德性（guṇa）如萨埵（sattva）之理者，通达一切众生之安立与统摄者，且已离‘我所’之执与我慢（ahaṅkāra）者——此人得解脱；于此无疑。”

Word by Word

• प्रधानगुणतत्त्वज्ञः: knower of the principles of Pradhāna and the guṇas
• प्रधानगुणतत्त्वज्ञः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रधान-गुण-तत्त्व-ज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वभूतविधानवित्: knower of the ordinance/constitution of all beings
• सर्वभूतविधानवित्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-भूत-विधान-वित्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निर्ममः: free from possessiveness
• निर्ममः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्मम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निरहङ्कारः: free from egoism
• निरहङ्कारः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निरहङ्कार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मुच्यते: is liberated / is released
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada, Passive

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अत्र: here / in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation arises from discriminative knowledge of Pradhāna and the guṇas, together with insight into how beings are constituted and governed, and is completed by inner renunciation—freedom from possessiveness (mamatā) and egoism (ahaṅkāra).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is delivering an instructive discourse, presenting a concise criterion for mokṣa: metaphysical understanding (Sāṅkhya-style tattva-jñāna) joined to ethical-psychological purification (non-attachment and egolessness).