Shloka 31

धृतराष्ट्र-सत्कारः तथा श्राद्ध-दाने नियमनम् | Honoring Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Regulating Śrāddha-Gifts

Devanagari script

विपरीतकश्न मे शत्रुर्नियम्यश्न भवेन्नर: । राजा युधिष्ठिर बड़े दयालु थे। वे सदा प्रसन्न रहकर अपने भाइयों और मन्त्रियोंसे कहा करते थे कि “ये राजा धृतराष्ट्र मेरे और आपलोगोंके माननीय हैं। जो इनकी आज्ञाके अधीन रहता है

Transliteration

viparītakṛc ca me śatrur niyamyaś ca bhaven naraḥ |

Translation

毗舍摩波耶那说：“凡违逆（我之命令与正当行止）者，是我的仇敌；能自制而顺从者，便可算作我自己的人。”在此情境中，以慈悲著称的由提施提罗屡屡告诫诸弟与群臣：持国为众人所当敬奉；以遵从长者之王的训令来表明忠顺，乃友谊之标尺，而抗命则必招惩罚。

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'viparīta', 'definition': 'contrary, opposite

• acting against (instruction/dharma)'}, {'term': 'kṛt (implicit in viparītakṛt)', 'definition': 'one who does/acts

• doer (here: one who behaves contrary)'}, {'term': 'me', 'definition': 'of me, my'}, {'term': 'śatruḥ', 'definition': 'enemy'}, {'term': 'niyamyaḥ', 'definition': 'to be restrained/controlled

• disciplined, obedient'}, {'term': 'bhavet', 'definition': 'would be, becomes'}, {'term': 'naraḥ', 'definition': 'man, person'}]

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśaṃpāyana
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Friendship and social harmony are defined by disciplined adherence to rightful authority and dharmic instruction; deliberate contrariness is treated as enmity and becomes liable to punishment.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśaṃpāyana describes Yudhiṣṭhira’s policy and counsel: he honors Dhṛtarāṣṭra as an elder worthy of reverence and tells his brothers and ministers that those who follow Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s directives are allies, while those who oppose them are to be regarded as enemies.