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Shloka 16

Ruru–Ḍuṇḍubha Saṃvāda: Śāpa, Mokṣa, and Ahiṃsā-Upadeśa

Chapter 11

ब्राह्मणस्य परो धर्मो वेदानां धारणापि च । क्षत्रियस्य हि यो धर्म: स हि नेष्येत वै तव,“वह वेद-वेदांगोंका विद्वान्‌ और समस्त प्राणियोंको अभय देनेवाला होता है। अहिंसा, सत्यभाषण, क्षमा और वेदोंका स्वाध्याय निश्चय ही ये ब्राह्मणके उत्तम धर्म हैं। क्षत्रियका जो धर्म है वह तुम्हारे लिये अभीष्ट नहीं है

brāhmaṇasya paro dharmo vedānāṃ dhāraṇāpi ca | kṣatriyasya hi yo dharmaḥ sa hi neṣyeta vai tava ||

敦杜婆(Ḍuṇḍubha)说道:“对婆罗门而言,至上之法在于守持并研习吠陀。刹帝利之职责,并非你当追随之道。”就伦理而言,说者清楚划分了两种志业:婆罗门之路以学识、克制、真实、忍耐与不害为根基;刹帝利之路则以武力与战斗为中心——对于立志于吠陀戒律、以德行护佑众生者,此处并不相宜。

ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परोhighest, supreme
परो:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty, dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदानाम्of the Vedas
वेदानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
धारणम्holding/retaining (memorizing, maintaining)
धारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रियस्यof a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यःwhich, who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty, dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat, he/it
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
नेष्येतshould be led/applied (to you)
नेष्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तवof you / for you
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular

डुण्ड्रुभ उवाच

Ḍuṇḍrubha
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
V
Vedas

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches varṇa-appropriate duty: a brāhmaṇa’s supreme obligation is to preserve and cultivate Vedic knowledge and virtues like restraint and non-violence, while the kṣatriya’s martial duty is not appropriate for someone committed to the brāhmaṇa path.

Ḍuṇḍrubha is advising or admonishing someone by distinguishing brāhmaṇa and kṣatriya duties, urging the listener to adhere to the brāhmaṇa ideal of Vedic guardianship rather than adopting a warrior’s mode of action.