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Shloka 6

Saṅkara-jāti-nirṇaya and Gṛhastha-ācāra: Daily Rites, Purity, Anadhyāya, and Food Discipline

Devanagari script

असत्सन्तस्तु वै ज्ञेयाः प्रतिलोमानुलोमजाः / जात्युत्कर्षाद्द्विजो ज्ञेयः सप्तमे पञ्चमे ऽपि वा

Transliteration

asatsantastu vai jñeyāḥ pratilomānulomajāḥ / jātyutkarṣāddvijo jñeyaḥ saptame pañcame 'pi vā

Translation

凡由杂合婚配而生者——无论是逆序的普罗提罗摩（pratiloma），或顺序的阿努罗摩（anuloma）——当知其不属真正贤善之群。然而，若世代渐次提升其族类，则至第七代，乃至第五代，亦可被认作“再生者”（dvija）。

Word by Word
असत्सन्तःthe unworthy/impure people
असत्सन्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअसत् (प्रातिपदिक) + सन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (असन्तः सन्तः इति)
तुindeed/and
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
ज्ञेयाःare to be known (as)
ज्ञेयाः:
Kriya (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√ज्ञा (धातु)
Formकृत्य-प्रत्यय (तव्यत्/यत्-भाव), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (to be known)
प्रतिलोम-अनुलोम-जाःborn of pratiloma and anuloma unions
प्रतिलोम-अनुलोम-जाः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिलोम (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुलोम (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (प्रतिलोमाश्च अनुलोमाश्च) + जाः (born)
जाति-उत्कर्षात्due to superiority of birth/caste
जाति-उत्कर्षात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootजाति (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्कर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष-समास (जात्याः उत्कर्षः)
द्विजःa twice-born (dvija)
द्विजः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
ज्ञेयःis to be known (as)
ज्ञेयः:
Kriya (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√ज्ञा (धातु)
Formकृत्य-प्रत्यय (यत्), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण
सप्तमेin the seventh (generation)
सप्तमे:
Adhikarana (Location/Condition/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the seventh [generation])
पञ्चमेin the fifth (generation)
पञ्चमे:
Adhikarana (Location/Condition/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the fifth [generation])
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (also/even)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Mixed-union progeny are deemed outside ‘sat’ community; however, through successive lineage elevation, dvija status may be acknowledged after multiple generations.

Vedantic Theme: Karma and samskara as socially recognized refinement over time (adhikara for rites), framed within pravritti-dharma rather than ultimate non-duality.

Application: Guidance for determining ritual eligibility and social recognition across generations in a smriti framework; highlights the idea of gradual restoration of adhikara.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.96.5 (examples of mixed-union jatis); Garuda Purana 1.96.7-9 (daily smarta duties for householders/dvijas)

Characters & Entities
D
Dvija

FAQs

This verse treats anuloma and pratiloma births as socially and ritually irregular categories, using them to explain how lineage rules affected recognition within dharmic society.

It states that through generational uplift of lineage (jātyutkarṣa), recognition as dvija may occur after multiple generations—specified here as the seventh, or even the fifth.

Read it as a reminder that ethical refinement and sustained good conduct across generations were seen as central to social recognition—prioritizing long-term responsibility and dharmic living.

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