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Shloka 9

An exposition of varṇa-dharma as taught by Yājñavalkya

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त्वा चरतां धर्मं सह या दीयते ऽर्थिने / स कायः पावयेत्तज्जः षड्वंश्यानात्मना सह

Transliteration

ityuktvā caratāṃ dharmaṃ saha yā dīyate 'rthine / sa kāyaḥ pāvayettajjaḥ ṣaḍvaṃśyānātmanā saha

Translation

既如是教诫众生行持法（dharma），凡与他物一并施与、布施给堪受之求者者——以此善行，施者净化自身之有身之命，并与自身同净其家族六支血脉。

Word by Word
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्ययम् (quotative particle)
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund)
चरताम्(you) should practice/observe
चरताम्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकारः (imperative), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुषः, द्विवचनम्/बहुवचनम् (पाठानुसारं ‘you (two/you all) should practice’)
धर्मम्dharma, righteous conduct
धर्मम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (2nd acc. sg.)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahakaraka (Accompaniment/सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formसहकारक-अव्ययम् (preposition-like indeclinable ‘with’)
याwhich (woman)
या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (1st nom. sg.); सम्बन्धिनी/विशेष्य-निर्देशः
दीयतेis given
दीयते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकारः (present), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive)
अर्थिनेto the seeker/suitor
अर्थिने:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् (4th dat. sg.)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (1st nom. sg.)
कायःthe body/person
कायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (1st nom. sg.)
पावयेत्should purify
पावयेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्
तत्-जःone born of her/that union
तत्-जः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (1st nom. sg.); समासः—तत्पुरुषः ‘तस्मात् जातः’
षड्वंश्यान्six generations/descendants
षड्वंश्यान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootषट् (संख्या) + वंश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-बहुवचनम् (2nd acc. pl.); द्विगुसमासः ‘षड् वंश्याः’
आत्मनाby/with oneself
आत्मना:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-एकवचनम् (3rd instr. sg.)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahakaraka (Accompaniment/सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formसहकारक-अव्ययम् (with)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Dāna given rightly (to a worthy recipient, with proper intent) purifies the embodied self and extends merit to family lines.

Vedantic Theme: Purification of antaḥkaraṇa through sattvic karma; merit as a support for spiritual readiness (adhikāritva).

Application: Give with discernment (pātra-śuddhi), humility, and consistency; treat charity as self-purification rather than transaction.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: social-ritual setting (dāna to an arthin)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.95 (dāna and dharma context around varna/rites)

FAQs

This verse presents dāna as a dharmic act that purifies the giver and extends its merit to multiple generations of the family line.

It links righteous action (giving to a deserving seeker) with purification and merit, implying that such karma supports spiritual well-being beyond the individual, affecting ancestral lines.

Practice intentional charity to genuinely deserving recipients, treating giving as a disciplined part of dharma rather than a casual or showy act.

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