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Shloka 53

Brahma-vidyā through Yoga: Restraint, Pranava Japa, and Samādhi leading to Mokṣa

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मात्मनोर्यदैकत्वं स योगश्चोत्तमोत्तमः / बाह्यरूपैर्न मुक्तिस्तु चान्तस्थैः स्याद्यमादिभिः

Transliteration

brahmātmanoryadaikatvaṃ sa yogaścottamottamaḥ / bāhyarūpairna muktistu cāntasthaiḥ syādyamādibhiḥ

Translation

证悟梵（Brahman）与自我（Ātman）本为一体——此即至高无上的瑜伽。解脱并非仅由外在形式而生；唯由内在的戒律修持，如持戒（yama）等，方能成就。

Word by Word
ब्रह्मात्मनोःof Brahman and the Self
ब्रह्मात्मनोः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (ब्रह्मन्) + पुंलिङ्ग (आत्मन्), षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन (Dual) — ‘of Brahman and the Self’
यत्that which
यत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular) — relative pronoun ‘that which’
एकत्वम्oneness
एकत्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएकत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘oneness/identity’
सःthat (is)
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — demonstrative ‘he/that’
योगःyoga
योगः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
उत्तमोत्तमःthe best of the best
उत्तमोत्तमः:
Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — विशेषण; ‘best of the best’
बाह्यरूपैःby external forms
बाह्यरूपैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्य + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन — ‘by external forms/means’
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
मुक्तिःliberation
मुक्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
तुhowever
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषण-अव्यय (adversative particle)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अन्तस्थैःby internal (means)
अन्तस्थैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्तस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन — ‘by those that are internal/within’
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन — ‘would be/should be’
यमादिभिःby yama and the rest
यमादिभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयम + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन — ‘by yama etc.’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Brahman-Atman aikya as the highest yoga; liberation arises from inner discipline, not external forms.

Vedantic Theme: Advaita: identity of jiva and Brahman; sadhana as antahkarana-shuddhi leading to aparoksha-anubhava.

Application: Prioritize yama-niyama and inner inquiry over mere ritual display; cultivate restraint, truthfulness, non-violence, and mental steadiness as prerequisites for realization.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.235.54 (definition of moksha via removal of adhyasa); Garuda Purana 1.236.1-3 (advaita, one-pointed yoga, karma-destruction, Vaishnava padam)

Characters & Entities
B
Brahman
A
Atman
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse states that true yoga and the highest path is realizing the identity of Brahman and the individual Self; that realization is presented as the direct basis of liberation.

No. The verse explicitly denies liberation from merely external forms and emphasizes inner disciplines—starting with yama—as the effective means for moksha.

Prioritize inner ethical restraints (yama), self-discipline, and contemplative inquiry into the Self rather than relying only on outward religious display.

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