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Shloka 6

Chandas-Nirṇaya: Āpīḍa to Gāthā—Pāda, Gaṇa, and Special Substitutions

Devanagari script

(इत्युद्गताप्रकरणम्) / उपस्थितप्रचुपितं प्रथमे ऽघ्रौ मसौ जभौ / गौ द्वितीये सनजरा गस्तृतीये ननौ च सः / नौ नजौ यश्चतुर्थे स्याच्छेष पादाश्च पूर्ववत्

Transliteration

(ityudgatāprakaraṇam) / upasthitapracupitaṃ prathame 'ghrau masau jabhau / gau dvitīye sanajarā gastṛtīye nanau ca saḥ / nau najau yaścaturthe syāccheṣa pādāśca pūrvavat

Translation

至此，关于乌德伽塔（Udgatā）韵式之章已毕。在名为“Upasthita-pracupita”的格律中：第一足（四分之一）之伽那为 a-ghrau、ma、sa 与 ja-bha；第二足先置“gau”，继以“sa-na-ja-rā”；第三足为“ga”与“na-nau”；第四足当置“nau”与“na-jau”；其余诸足依前所说之次第而行。

Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (Quotation marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)
udgatā-prakaraṇamthe section on ‘udgatā’
udgatā-prakaraṇam:
Adhikarana (Section heading/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootudgata (कृदन्त, √gam गतौ + ud-) + prakaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (उद्गतस्य प्रकरणम्)
upasthita-pracupitam(the metres) Upasthita and Pracupita
upasthita-pracupitam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootupasthita (कृदन्त, √sthā स्थितौ + upa-) + pracupita (कृदन्त, √cup/√cumb?; छन्दः-परिभाषा-शब्द)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (उपस्थितं च प्रचुपितं च)
prathamein the first (pāda)
prathame:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprathama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the first)
aghrauthe two ‘aghra’ (units)
aghrau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaghra (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण/मात्रा-परिभाषा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन (द्वौ ‘अघ्रौ’)
masauthe two ‘masa’
masau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmasa (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
jabhauthe two ‘jabha’
jabhau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjabha (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
gauthe two ‘ga’
gau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootga (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
dvitīyein the second (pāda)
dvitīye:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the second)
sa-najarāḥ‘sa’ and ‘najarā’ (groups)
sa-najarāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsa (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम) + najarā (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (स-गणाः च नजरा-गणाः च)
gaḥ‘ga’
gaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootga (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
tṛtīyein the third (pāda)
tṛtīye:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roottṛtīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the third)
nanauthe two ‘nana’
nanau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnana (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
saḥthat/it
saḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; सर्वनाम
nauthe two ‘na’
nau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootna (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
najauthe two ‘naja’
najau:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnaja (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
yaḥwhich/that (relative)
yaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
caturthein the fourth (pāda)
caturthe:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcaturtha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; सप्तमी एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (in the fourth)
syātwould be/is to be
syāt:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (अस्)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद
śeṣaḥthe remainder
śeṣaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
pādāḥpādas (quarters)
pādāḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
pūrvavatas before
pūrvavat:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrvavat (अव्यय/तद्धितान्त)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: as before)
Speaker

Narrator/Compiler voice (prosody instruction within the text; not a direct Vishnu–Garuda dialogue line)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Chandas-vyavasthā: correct gaṇa-distribution across pādas for the Upasthita-pracupita pattern.

Vedantic Theme: Śāstra-pramāṇa and disciplined learning (vidyā) as a support for dharma and mantra-recitation.

Application: Use as a mnemonic rule-set for composing/identifying the metre; apply in recitation to preserve syllabic integrity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.211.1-5 (preceding gaṇa/pāda rules alluded by ‘pūrvavat’); Garuda Purana 1.211.9 (section colophon and gāthā fallback rule); Garuda Purana 1.212.1 (transition to prastāra/naṣṭa methods)

Characters & Entities
U
Udgatā
U
Upasthita-pracupita

FAQs

This verse preserves a technical rule for identifying/constructing a specific chandas by listing the gaṇa-patterns per pāda, ensuring accurate recitation and manuscript transmission.

It divides the verse into four pādas (quarters) and specifies which gaṇas (metre-units) must appear in each quarter, with the remaining parts to be arranged as in previously given rules.

Students and reciters can use the gaṇa-sequence to scan the metre correctly, aiding precise chanting, teaching, and digital archiving with verified metrical metadata.

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