Shloka 19

Prameha-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa-Bheda: Etiology, Signs, Varieties, and Complications of Meha

Devanagari script

सामान्य लक्षणन्तेषां प्रभूताविलमूत्रता / दोषदूष्या विशेषे ऽपि तत्संयोगविशेषतः

Transliteration

sāmānya lakṣaṇanteṣāṃ prabhūtāvilamūtratā / doṣadūṣyā viśeṣe 'pi tatsaṃyogaviśeṣataḥ

Translation

其共同征象，是小便量多而浑浊；即便多沙与所伤之组织（达图）各异，病相亦随其结合方式之差别而呈现不同。

Word by Word

• सामान्यम्: general
• सामान्यम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सामान्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (Neuter, Nom./Acc., Singular; 'general/common')

• लक्षणम्: symptom/mark
• लक्षणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nom./Acc., Singular)

• तेषाम्: of those
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Genitive plural: 'of those')

• प्रभूत-अविल-मूत्रता: abundant, turbid urination
• प्रभूत-अविल-मूत्रता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभूत (कृदन्त; क्त) + अविल (प्रातिपदिक) + मूत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + ता (तद्धित/भाव)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भाववाचक (Feminine, Nominative, Singular; 'state of abundant and turbid urine')

• दोष-दूष्यौ: doṣa and affected tissue (dūṣya)
• दोष-दूष्यौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक) + दूष्य (कृदन्त; यत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (Masculine, Nominative, Dual; 'doṣa and dūṣya')

• विशेषे: in particularity/specific cases
• विशेषे: Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Locative, Singular)

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थक अव्यय (particle)

• तत्-संयोग-विशेषतः: because of the specific combination (of those)
• तत्-संयोग-विशेषतः: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + संयोग (प्रातिपदिक) + विशेष (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तद्धित; अव्ययीभावार्थ)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (indeclinable: 'due to the particular combination of that')

Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Common symptoms exist, yet manifestations differ by specific doṣa–dūṣya combinations; reality is patterned but not uniform.

Vedantic Theme: Generalities are useful but incomplete; discern particulars (viśeṣa) within the general (sāmānya)—a classical Indian epistemic move.

Application: Use hallmark signs (e.g., abundant/turbid urine) for screening, then refine diagnosis by identifying the doṣa and tissue involvement to tailor treatment.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.159.18–19 (sādhāraṇa-lakṣaṇa and doṣa-dūṣya-samyoga differentiation)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of doṣa–dūṣya saṃyoga in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that disease expression depends not only on which doṣa is disturbed, but also on which bodily tissue (dūṣya) it afflicts and how their association forms—making the ‘combination’ central to understanding symptoms.

How does this verse explain diagnosis through symptoms like urine changes?

It points to a shared diagnostic marker—copious, cloudy urine—while noting that variations in the doṣa–tissue interaction create different clinical presentations even within a related group of conditions.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat noticeable bodily changes (like persistent cloudy or excessive urination) as signals to seek timely assessment, and recognize that symptoms can differ by underlying imbalance—encouraging individualized care rather than one-size-fits-all remedies.