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Shloka 10

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

नाति माद्यन्ति बलिनः कृताहारा महाशनाः / वातात्पित्तात्कफात्सर्वैर्भवेद्रोगो मदात्ययः

Transliteration

nāti mādyanti balinaḥ kṛtāhārā mahāśanāḥ / vātātpittātkaphātsarvairbhavedrogo madātyayaḥ

Translation

强健之人，饮食得当，消化之火旺盛者，不致过度沉醉；然而当风（vāta）、胆（pitta）、痰（kapha）任一或同时紊乱时，便生起名为“madātyaya”（酒致之疾）的病患。

Word by Word
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात
अतिexcessively
अति:
Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/क्रियाविशेषण ‘excessively’
माद्यन्तिbecome intoxicated
माद्यन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootमद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
बलिनःthe strong persons
बलिनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबलिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृवाचक
कृताहाराःhaving taken food properly
कृताहाराः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत-आहार (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषार्थे ‘कृतः आहारः येषाम्’ (properly fed)
महाशनाःgreat eaters/with strong appetite
महाशनाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा-अशन (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण
वातात्from vāta (wind-humor)
वातात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootवात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन
पित्तात्from pitta (bile-humor)
पित्तात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootपित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन
कफात्from kapha (phlegm-humor)
कफात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootकफ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन
सर्वैःby all (of these)
सर्वैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषण
भवेत्may arise/occurs
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
रोगःdisease
रोगः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
मदात्ययःalcohol-intoxication disorder
मदात्ययः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमद-अत्यय (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘मदस्य अत्ययः’ (intoxication-disorder)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata/Pitta/Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Self-regulation (āhāra and moderation) supports steadiness; disease (madātyaya) is linked to doṣic imbalance rather than mere strength.

Vedantic Theme: Body as instrument (śarīra-sādhana) requiring sattvic regulation; pramāda (carelessness) disrupts harmony.

Application: Maintain proper diet and moderation; recognize intoxication-related illness as a treatable imbalance; avoid overindulgence and support doṣa balance through routine.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: medical/ayurvedic passages describing doṣas and disorders (contextual parallel within medical sections).

Characters & Entities
V
Vata
P
Pitta
K
Kapha

FAQs

This verse frames madātyaya as a defined disease condition, linked to dosha disturbance, emphasizing disciplined diet and bodily balance rather than mere moral weakness.

Indirectly: by teaching bodily self-control and avoidance of debilitating disorders, it supports dharmic living that steadies the mind and reduces harmful actions that create negative karma.

Maintain regulated eating and lifestyle, and treat intoxication as a health disorder tied to systemic imbalance—seeking correction of habits and bodily equilibrium rather than excess.

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