Adhyaya 118
Brahma KhandaAdhyaya 1185 Verses

Adhyaya 118

Akhaṇḍa-Dvādaśī Vrata: Mārgaśīrṣa Fast, Viṣṇu-Pūjā, and Four-Month Dāna

本章延续以戒行(Ācāra)为主的教导,梵天宣说助缘解脱的“阿坎达·德瓦达希”(Akhaṇḍa-Dvādaśī)誓戒。规定在摩伽尸罗月(Mārgaśīrṣa)明半月持斋,仅以牛所出之物自养;至德瓦达希日(Dvādaśī)则礼拜供养毗湿奴(Viṣṇu)。随后将此仪轨扩展为四个月的布施修持:以咒语祈求七世累积“不断绝”的功德,并将盛有五种谷物的器皿施与婆罗门(brāhmaṇa)。其神学要旨在于:行者所愿功德相续之“不断”,对应毗湿奴作为至上人格(Puruṣottama)之宇宙不可分性。果报偈(phala-śruti)说明圆满标志:自恰特罗月(Caitra)起诸月供献炒谷粉(saktu),自室罗伐那月(Śrāvaṇa)起诸月则以酥油(ghee)相伴供献,终得天界福分与家族吉祥。此章亦为相邻的誓戒与布施教法铺垫,示范如何由一日虔敬扩展为长期的伦理宗教实践。

Shlokas

Verse 1

नाम सप्तदशोत्तरशततमो ऽध्यायः ब्रह्मोवाच / व्रतं कैवल्यशमनमखण्डद्वादशीं वदे / मागशीर्षे सिते पक्षे गव्याशी समुपोषितः

梵天说道:我将宣说名为“阿阇断·十二日斋”(Akhaṇḍa-Dvādaśī)之誓戒,此行能息灭与解脱(kaivalya)相违的系缚。于摩伽希尔沙月的白半月,应当持斋,只以牛所出之物为食。

Verse 2

द्वादश्यां पूजये द्विष्णुं दद्यान्मासचतुष्टयम् / पञ्चव्रीहियुतं पात्रं विप्रायेदमुदाहरेत्

在十二日(Dvādaśī)当礼拜毗湿奴世尊,并于四个月间施行所规定的布施。应将盛有五种谷物之器皿奉献给婆罗门,同时诵念此句仪文。

Verse 3

सप्तजन्मनि हे विष्णो यन्मया हि व्रतं कृतम् / भगवंस्त्वत्प्रसादेन तदखण्डमिहास्तु मे

噢毗湿奴,吉祥的世尊!我在七次生世中确实所守持的一切誓戒(vrata),愿凭您的恩典,使其功德在此生于我不坏不断、圆满常存。

Verse 4

यथाखण्डं जगत्सर्वं त्वमेव पुरुषोत्तम / तथाखिलान्यखण्डानि व्रितानि मम सन्ति वै

正如唯有您——噢至上之人(Puruṣottama)——是遍宇宙不分不裂的圆满整体;同样,我一切欲问与所求,也以完整无缺、不断不散之相,真实安住于我心中,待向您启请。

Verse 5

सक्तुपात्राणि चैत्रादौ श्रावणादौ घृतान्वितान् / व्रतकृद्वतपूर्णस्तु स्त्रीपुत्रस्वर्गभाग्भवेत्

凡如法持戒并圆满此誓愿者——于以恰特罗(Caitra)为始的诸月供奉一钵钵的萨克图(炒谷粉),又于以室罗伐那(Śrāvaṇa)为始的诸月供奉伴以酥油(ghee)之供品——便得分受天界之福,并蒙赐贤妻与男嗣。

Frequently Asked Questions

It indicates a restricted vrata-diet centered on products derived from the cow (austere, purity-oriented intake), used here as a discipline of restraint (niyama) accompanying the Mārgaśīrṣa bright-fortnight fast.

The text frames vrata not merely as a day’s ritual but as sustained dharma: extended dāna stabilizes the votary’s merit (puṇya) and demonstrates continuity (akhaṇḍatā) in practice, matching the vow’s theme of “unbroken” spiritual fruit.

They serve as structured, time-linked components of vrata-pūraṇa (completion): saktu bowls are specified for months beginning with Caitra, while offerings accompanied by ghee are specified for months beginning with Śrāvaṇa, indicating a calendrical discipline that culminates in the stated phala.