Shloka 51

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

Devanagari script

तद्भुज्यते यद्द्विजभुक्तशेषं स बुद्धिमान्यो न करोति पापम् / तत्सौहृदं यक्रियते परोक्षे दम्भैर्विना यः क्रियते स धर्मः

Transliteration

tadbhujyate yaddvijabhuktaśeṣaṃ sa buddhimānyo na karoti pāpam / tatsauhṛdaṃ yakriyate parokṣe dambhairvinā yaḥ kriyate sa dharmaḥ

Translation

智者乃是食用二生者（婆罗门）用餐后所余之食者；此人不造罪。又在他人不在时仍显出的友爱，以及不夹虚伪而行的举止——唯此才是真正的法（dharma）。

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; अत्र कर्म-निर्देशे (that)

• भुज्यते: is eaten
• भुज्यते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः (relative)

• द्विजभुक्तशेषम्: the remainder eaten by a brahmin
• द्विजभुक्तशेषम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + भुक्त (भुज्-धातोः क्त) + शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (द्विजेन भुक्तस्य शेषः)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• बुद्धिमान्: wise person
• बुद्धिमान्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक) + मतुप् (प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः (relative)

• न: not
• न: Negation (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation particle)

• करोति: does, commits
• करोति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• पापम्: sin
• पापम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• सौहृदम्: friendship, goodwill
• सौहृदम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौहृद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः

• क्रियते: is done
• क्रियते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• परोक्षे: in absence, behind one’s back
• परोक्षे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; अधिकरणार्थे

• दम्भैः: with hypocrisy, pretence
• दम्भैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• विना: without
• विना: Relation (वियोग/अपवर्जन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: उपपद-अव्यय (preposition), वियोगार्थे; तृतीया-सहयोगः

• यः: which/that (he who)
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः

• क्रियते: is done
• क्रियते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• सः: that
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• धर्मः: dharma, righteousness
• धर्मः: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: True dharma is sincerity: honoring the worthy, avoiding sin through humble conduct, and practicing friendship and duty without hypocrisy.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi through nirmalatā (non-duplicity); dharma as alignment of inner intention and outer act.

Application: Practice integrity when unobserved; avoid performative virtue; cultivate loyalty and kindness that persists in others’ absence.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: shringara

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.115.49 (avoid corrupting association); Garuda Purana 1.115.52 (elders, truth, and dharma)

Characters & Entities

• Dvija (twice-born/Brāhmaṇa)

FAQs

What is the importance of non-hypocrisy (dambha) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse defines true dharma as conduct performed without pretence—inner sincerity matters more than outward display.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By linking sinlessness with humility and sincere conduct, it implies that ethical purity (free from deceit) supports a favorable post-death trajectory governed by one’s karma.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Practice integrity when no one is watching, speak well of others in their absence, and avoid performative religiosity—make dharma a private truth, not a public show.