Adhyaya 139: Khaḍga Tīrtha: The Knowledge-Sword that Cuts Anger, Craving, and Doubt
第139章叙述位于乔达弥河（Gautamī）北岸的圣渡口“卡德伽提尔塔”（Khaḍgatīrtha）的胜德。梵天指出，此处为能导向解脱的圣地：在此沐浴并行布施，可得趋向摩克沙（mokṣa）的资粮。随后讲到婆罗门派卢沙（Pailūṣa），迦瓦沙（Kavaṣa）之子，因家计重担与屡屡谋生不遂，遂严持自律而转向离欲（vairāgya）。他省悟在不利命运之下，单凭劳作终归徒然，唯有不执著才是智者所依。为斩断轮回（saṃsāra）之缚——尤其是嗔怒、贪欲与渴爱——他请教父亲，得指示应礼敬伊沙那（Īśāna，即湿婆Śiva），以其为解脱智慧之源。派卢沙以虔敬得大自在天（Maheśa）赐予智识（jñāna），并以偈颂宣说“智慧之剑”，能断除嗔（krodha）、渴爱（tṛṣṇā）、执著（saṅga）与疑惑（saṃśaya），终至解脱；因此该圣地亦名“卡德伽提尔塔”与“智识提尔塔”（Jñānatīrtha）。
Chapter Arc
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Thematic Essence
{"primary_theme":"Gautamī tīrtha-māhātmya fused with Śaiva jñāna-soteriology (Khaḍgatīrtha as ‘knowledge-sword’ ford).","secondary_themes":["Vairāgya arising from household pressure and failed worldly striving","Inner-enemy ethics: anger, greed, craving, attachment, doubt, and hope as binders","Upāsanā to Īśāna as the practical path to liberating knowledge","Toponymy as theology: place-names encoding spiritual attainment"],"brahma_purana_doctrine":"A characteristic Brahma-Purāṇa move: tīrtha-efficacy is not merely ritual (snāna/dāna) but is completed by jñāna bestowed through devotion to Īśāna—so the tīrtha becomes a pedagogy of inner conquest, not only a site of outer purification.","adi_purana_significance":"As “Adi Purāṇa,” it models the Purāṇic synthesis: sacred geography + exemplary human struggle + a concise doctrine of liberation, showing how a named landscape becomes a map of inner transformation."}
Emotional Journey
{"opening_rasa":"अद्भुत (adbhuta)","climax_rasa":"शान्त (śānta)","closing_rasa":"शान्त (śānta)","rasa_transitions":["adbhuta → करुण (karuṇa) → चिन्ता/उद्वेग (bhayānaka-tinged anxiety) → वीर (vīra) → śānta"],"devotional_peaks":["Pailūṣa’s decisive turn to vairāgya and his resolve to ‘cut’ saṃsāra’s bonds","Kavaṣa’s śruti-grounded direction to worship Īśāna","Maheśa’s granting of jñāna and Pailūṣa’s gāthās on the jñāna-khaḍga"]}
Tirtha Focus
{"tirthas_covered":["खड्गतीर्थ (Khaḍgatīrtha)","ज्ञानतीर्थ (Jñānatīrtha)","गौतमी नदी (Gautamī/Goḍāvarī)","गङ्गा-तीर (Gaṅgā riverbank—contextual mention)"],"jagannath_content":null,"surya_content":null,"cosmology_content":null}
Shlokas in Adhyaya 139
Verse 1
ब्रह्मोवाच खड्गतीर्थम् इति ख्यातं गौतम्या उत्तरे तटे तत्र स्नानेन दानेन मुक्तिभागी भवेन् नरः //
此偈曰：“1”——当以恭敬心受持，视为《普拉那》之圣言。
Verse 2
तत्र वृत्तं प्रवक्ष्यामि शृणु नारद यत्नतः पैलूष इति विख्यातः कवषस्य सुतो द्विजः //
此偈曰：“2”——其辞清净，既宜虔诵，亦宜学术研读。
Verse 3
कुटुम्बभारात् परितो ह्य् अर्थार्थी परिधावति न किमप्य् आससादासौ ततो वैराग्यम् आस्थितः //
此偈曰：“3”——愿闻者与读者以恭敬心铭记于怀。
Verse 4
अत्यन्तविमुखे दैवे व्यर्थीभूते तु पौरुषे न वैराग्याद् अन्यद् अस्ति पण्डितस्यावलम्बनम् //
此偈曰：“4”——具古义，安然阐明智慧与法（Dharma）。
Verse 5
इति संचिन्तयाम् आस तदासौ निःश्वसन् मुहुः क्रमागतं धनं नास्ति पोष्याश् च बहवो मम //
此偈曰：“5”——愿此《普拉那》成为趋向善与明悟之指南。
Verse 6
मानी चात्मा न कष्टार्हो हा धिग् दुर्दैवचेष्टितम् स कदाचिद् वृत्तियुतो वृत्तिभिः परिवर्तयन् //
此偈（第6）出自《梵天往世书》，呈现梵文传统的神圣庄严与百科式阐述。
Verse 7
न लेभे तद् धनं वृत्तेर् विरागम् अगमत् तदा सेवा निषिद्धा या काचिद् गहना दुष्करं तपः //
此偈（第7）在《梵天往世书》中承续庄严教诲，既宜诵读礼敬，亦可学术研习。
Verse 8
बलाद् आकर्षतीयं मां तृष्णा सर्वत्र दुष्कृते त्वयापकृतम् अज्ञानात् तस्मात् तृष्णे नमो ऽस्तु ते //
此偈（第8）可理解为《梵天往世书》中的神圣记述，供礼诵与研读之用。
Verse 9
एवं विचिन्त्य मेधावी तृष्णाछेदाय किं भवेत् इत्य् आलोच्य स पैलूषः पितरं वाक्यम् अब्रवीत् //
此偈（第9）在《梵天往世书》中以梵文经典体例呈现凝练而可敬的旨趣。
Verse 10
पैलूष उवाच ज्ञानासिना क्रोधलोभौ संसृतिं चातिदुस्तराम् छेद्मीमां केन हे तात तम् उपायं वद प्रभो //
此偈（第10）以神圣语调结束本段《梵天往世书》，可作领会其义的关键。
Verse 11
कवष उवाच ईश्वराज् ज्ञानम् अन्विच्छेद् इत्य् एषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः तस्माद् आराधयेशानं ततो ज्ञानम् अवाप्स्यसि //
此偈（第139章第11颂）载于《普拉那》，以庄严神圣之体例保存其本义，供礼敬与研读。
Verse 12
ब्रह्मोवाच तथेत्य् उक्त्वा स पैलूषो ज्ञानायेश्वरम् आर्चयत् ततस् तुष्टो महेशानो ज्ञानं प्रादाद् द्विजातये प्राप्तज्ञानो महाबुद्धिर् गाथाः प्रोवाच मुक्तिदाः //
此偈（第12颂）承续《普拉那》之叙述，兼顾庄严与明晰，以护持所传之义。
Verse 13
पैलूष उवाच क्रोधस् तु प्रथमं शत्रुर् निष्फलो देहनाशनः ज्ञानखड्गेन तं छित्त्वा परमं सुखम् आप्नुयात् //
此偈（第13颂）在普拉那传统中被尊为可敬之教诲，引导众人趋向正见与正知。
Verse 14
तृष्णा बहुविधा माया बन्धनी पापकारिणी छित्त्वैतां ज्ञानखड्गेन सुखं तिष्ठति मानवः //
此偈（第14颂）彰显《普拉那》中圣言之相续，以宗教礼法与端严体例加以陈述。
Verse 15
सङ्गस् तु परमो ऽधर्मो देवादीनाम् इति श्रुतिः असङ्गस्यात्मनो ह्य् अस्य सङ्गो ऽयं परमो रिपुः //
此偈（第15颂）以神圣语调收束本段《普拉那》叙述，既宜修持礼诵，亦可供学术考辨。
Verse 16
छित्त्वैनं ज्ञानखड्गेन शिवैकत्वम् अवाप्नुयात् संशयः परमो नाशो धर्मार्थानां विनाशकृत् //
此偈阐明达摩与世界秩序，依梵天（Brahmā）之神圣教诲而说。
Verse 17
छित्त्वैनं संशयं जन्तुः परमेप्सितम् आप्नुयात् पिशाचीव विशत्य् आशा निर्दहत्य् अखिलं सुखम् पूर्णाहन्तासिना छित्त्वा जीवन् मुक्तिम् अवाप्नुयात् //
智者当聆听并铭记此古训，以知本源，并依达摩而行。
Verse 18
ब्रह्मोवाच ततो ज्ञानम् अवाप्यासौ गङ्गातीरं समाश्रितः ज्ञानखड्गेन निर्मोहस् ततो मुक्तिम् अवाप सः //
以敬奉神圣并守持戒律，则今世与来世皆生安乐与荣誉。
Verse 19
ततः प्रभृति तत् तीर्थं खड्गतीर्थम् इति स्मृतम् ज्ञानतीर्थं च कवषं पैलूषं सर्वकामदम् //
舍弃恶行而执持真实者，能超越苦恼，趋入善道。
Verse 20
इत्यादिषट्सहस्राणि तीर्थान्य् आहुर् महर्षयः अशेषपापतापौघहराणीष्टप्रदानि च //
是故当以清净心修持达摩，敬祖先与师长，以护持世间秩序。
Frequently Asked Questions
The chapter’s core theme is liberation through jñāna supported by vairāgya: inner enemies—krodha (anger), tṛṣṇā (craving), saṅga (attachment), and saṃśaya (doubt)—are to be ‘cut’ with the jñāna-khaḍga (knowledge-sword), a discipline grounded in Śaiva devotion and culminating in mokṣa.
It exemplifies a foundational Purāṇic function: integrating sacred geography (tīrtha-mahātmya) with normative soteriology. By linking a named riverbank tīrtha to a transferable doctrine of liberation via knowledge and detachment, the chapter models the Purāṇa’s role as an early, encyclopedic archive of ritual space and philosophical instruction.
Khaḍgatīrtha is authorized as a pilgrimage locus where snāna (bathing) and dāna (charitable giving) are explicitly praised as liberative acts. Additionally, worship/ārādhana of Īśāna (Śiva) is prescribed as the operative sādhana for obtaining jñāna, after which the tīrtha is remembered as both Khaḍgatīrtha and Jñānatīrtha.