Shloka 40

सदाचार-नियमाः: शील, संयम, संग-निषेध, शुचिता, वाणी-नीति, परोपकारः

Devanagari script

दोषहेतून् अशेषांश् च वश्यात्मा यो निरस्यति तस्य धर्मार्थकामानां हानिर् नाल्पापि जायते

Transliteration

doṣahetūn aśeṣāṃś ca vaśyātmā yo nirasyati tasya dharmārthakāmānāṃ hānir nālpāpi jāyate

Translation

Người tự chủ và loại bỏ không sót mọi nguyên nhân dẫn đến lỗi lầm và sa ngã—đối với người ấy, không hề phát sinh dù chỉ chút tổn giảm về dharma, artha và kāma.

Word by Word

• दोषहेतून्: causes of faults
• दोषहेतून्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष-हेतु (प्रातिपदिक; components: दोष + हेतु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कर्म

• अशेषान्: all/without remainder
• अशेषान्: Visheshana (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कर्मविशेषण

• च: and
• च: Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• वश्यात्मा: one whose self is controlled
• वश्यात्मा: Karta (as qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वश्य-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; components: वश्य + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Relative subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध/कर्तृनिर्देश

• निरस्यति: casts away/removes
• निरस्यति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निर्-अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध

• धर्मार्थकामानाम्: of dharma, wealth, and desire
• धर्मार्थकामानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म-अर्थ-काम (प्रातिपदिक; components: धर्म + अर्थ + काम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध

• हानिः: loss
• हानिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हानि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्ता

• न: not
• न: Negation
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• अल्पा: small
• अल्पा: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; हानिविशेषण

• अपि: even
• अपि: Emphasis particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: सम्भावना/अपि-कार (particle: even/also)

• जायते: arises/occurs
• जायते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: self-mastery: removing all causes of doṣa so that dharma, artha, and kāma are not diminished

Teaching: Ethical

Quality: authoritative

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: When the self is mastered and the roots of fault are eliminated, one’s pursuit of dharma, artha, and kāma remains unharmed and balanced.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: Identify personal triggers for ethical lapses (anger, greed, intoxication, deceit) and remove them systematically through vows, accountability, and daily discipline.

Vishishtadvaita: Self-mastery protects righteous living that culminates in bhakti; purifying conduct is an auxiliary (aṅga) enabling stable surrender and service to the Lord.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Hari

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Characters & Entities

• Dharma
• Artha
• Kama

FAQs

What is the significance of removing doṣahetu (causes of faults) in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse teaches that eliminating the roots of vice through self-mastery prevents the decline of the three human aims—dharma, artha, and kāma—so life remains aligned with moral and cosmic order.

How does Sage Parāśara explain self-mastery (vaśyātmā) in this context?

Parāśara presents self-mastery as the capacity to reject every source of inner defect; such mastery safeguards one’s righteous living, legitimate prosperity, and disciplined enjoyment.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu here?

While Vishnu is not named in this line, the teaching reflects Vaishnava dharma: inner governance sustains the divinely ordered aims of life, consistent with Vishnu as the upholder of ṛta/dharma and universal stability.